FCM-1 Block 1 Gingivitis and periodontitis

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a possible cause of gingival hyperplasia?

Phenytoin (correct)

Vitamin A

Protease inhibitors

Anticoagulants

What is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory condition in the elderly?

Periodontal disease (correct)

Gingival hyperplasia

Gingivitis

Gingivostomatitis

Which of the following is the best prevention for gingivitis?

Daily flossing

Power brush

Regular oral hygiene (correct)

Interdental brushes

Which term refers to the part of the tooth that faces the opening of the mouth and is visible when someone smiles?

Facial Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the interproximal surface facing anteriorly or closest to the midline?

Mesial Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the biting or chewing surface of the premolars and molars?

Occlusal Signup and view all the answers

Which tooth is usually the first primary tooth to erupt?

Mandibular central incisors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of plaque-induced gingivitis?

Poor oral hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between dental plaque and calculus?

Mineralization Signup and view all the answers

When do permanent teeth usually begin to erupt?

Six years of age Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common complication of chronic gingivitis?

Progression to periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual course of gingivitis?

Chronic Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for pericoronitis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What can cause enamel erosion?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the surface of the tooth that faces the tongue or palate?

Lingual Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the contacting surfaces between two adjacent teeth?

Approximal/interproximal Signup and view all the answers

Which tooth is usually the last primary tooth to erupt?

Second molar Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the interproximal surface facing posteriorly or away from the midline?

Distal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a dental anatomic surface?

Approximal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the surface of the tooth that faces the opening of the mouth and is visible when someone smiles?

Facial Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible cause of pericoronitis?

Impacted wisdom tooth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications may cause gingival hyperplasia?

Protease inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which age group has the highest prevalence of gingivitis?

Adolescents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances may cause gingivostomatitis?

Gold compounds Signup and view all the answers

Which gender is gingivitis slightly more prevalent in?

Males Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for gingivitis?

Surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best prevention for gingivitis?

Regular oral hygiene Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has the highest prevalence among elderly individuals?

Periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common symptom of teething?

Excessive drooling Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of gingivitis?

Plaque buildup Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of enamel?

To protect the tooth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of permanent teeth eruption?

Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the space between the gingival tissue and the tooth?

Gingival sulcus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plaque and calculus?

Plaque is removable by regular brushing, while calculus is not Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of tooth loss in advanced stages of gingivitis?

Breakdown of periodontal ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common complication of chronic gingivitis?

Progression to periodontal disease and tooth loss Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI)?

Chronic inflammation (eg, C-reactive protein) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible complication of untreated chronic gingivitis?

Periodontal disease and tooth loss Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is seen on radiographs in periodontitis?

Bone loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for pericoronitis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What can cause enamel erosion?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the part of the tooth that faces the opening of the mouth and is visible when someone smiles?

Crown Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory condition in the elderly?

Periodontitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of plaque-induced gingivitis?

Poor oral hygiene Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the interproximal surface facing posteriorly or away from the midline?

Distal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the surface of the tooth that faces the tongue or palate?

Lingual Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the term for the biting or chewing surface of the premolars and molars?

Occlusal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the part of the tooth that faces the opening of the mouth and is visible when someone smiles?

Facial Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the term for the oral surface of the maxillary teeth?

Palatal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the contacting surfaces between two adjacent teeth?

Approximal/interproximal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the term for the interproximal surface facing anteriorly or closest to the midline?

Mesial Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications may cause gingival hyperplasia?

Oral contraceptive agents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions has been observed with the use of protease inhibitors, vitamin A and analogues, and methotrexate?

Gingivitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances has been observed to cause gingivostomatitis?

Arsenic Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of gingivitis in children aged 3-11 years?

9-17% Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the prevalence of gingivitis rise to 70-90%?

Puberty Signup and view all the answers

What is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory condition in the elderly?

Chronic periodontitis Signup and view all the answers

Is gingivitis slightly more prevalent in males or females?

Males Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the first permanent tooth to erupt in most individuals?

Mandibular central incisor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of permanent teeth eruption?

Maxillary central incisor, Maxillary lateral incisor, Mandibular central incisor, Mandibular lateral incisor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct term for the space between the gingival tissue and the tooth?

Gingival sulcus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct term for the surface of the tooth that faces the opening of the mouth and is visible when someone smiles?

Crown Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct term for the interproximal surface facing anteriorly or closest to the midline?

Mesial Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct term for the part of the tooth that faces the opening of the mouth and is visible when someone smiles?

Labial surface Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct term for the surface of the tooth that faces the tongue or palate?

Lingual surface Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible complication of chronic gingivitis?

Osteomyelitis of alveolar bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of chronic gingivitis?

Periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a systemic association of gingivitis?

Preterm birth Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for severe cases of chronic gingivitis?

Amoxicillin Signup and view all the answers

What is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory condition in the elderly?

Periodontitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of enamel erosion?

Increased acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of tooth loss in advanced stages of chronic gingivitis?

Periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the localized infection caused by food particles and microorganisms trapped under the gum flaps?

Pericoronitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for pericoronitis?

Dental extraction Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the facial surface of the premolars and molars?

Buccal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the oral surface of the maxillary teeth?

Palatal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the interproximal surface facing anteriorly or closest to the midline?

Mesial Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the biting or chewing surface of the incisors and canines?

Incisal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct term for the contacting surfaces between two adjacent teeth?

Approximal/interproximal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the surface of the tooth that faces the tongue or palate?

Lingual Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct term for the surface of the tooth that faces the opening of the mouth and is visible when someone smiles?

Facial Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the first primary tooth to erupt in most infants?

Mandibular central incisors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the space between the gingival tissue and the tooth?

Gingival sulcus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main cause of plaque-induced gingivitis?

Plaque buildup Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mineralized plaque that promotes retention of bacterial biofilm?

Calculus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common form of gingivitis, induced by plaque?

Chronic gingivitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of mucosal epithelial tissue surrounding the cervical portion of the teeth and the alveolar processes?

Gingivitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the neurovascular supply of the tooth and nutrient delivery?

Pulp Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications has been observed to cause gingivitis?

Protease inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of gingivitis among children aged 3-11 years?

9-17% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory condition in the elderly?

Periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the main presentation of gingivitis?

Bleeding when brushing, flossing, chewing Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for gingivitis?

Proper oral hygiene, referral to a dentist or periodontist Signup and view all the answers

What is the best prevention for gingivitis?

Regular oral hygiene, power brush Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has been shown to speed the resolution of inflammation during teeth cleaning?

NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common complication of chronic gingivitis?

Progression to periodontal disease and tooth loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of tooth loss in advanced stages of gingivitis?

Periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible complication of chronic gingivitis?

Preterm birth Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual course of gingivitis?

Intermittent Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the localized infection caused by food particles and microorganisms trapped under the gum flaps?

Pericoronitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI)?

Periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of plaque-induced gingivitis?

Biofilm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory condition in the elderly?

Periodontitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications may cause gingival hyperplasia?

Calcium channel blockers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances may cause gingivostomatitis?

Gold Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of gingivitis among children aged 3-11 years?

9-17% Signup and view all the answers

What is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory condition in the elderly?

Periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

Which gender is gingivitis slightly more prevalent in?

Males Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for gingivitis?

Use of warm saline rinse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main cause of plaque-induced gingivitis?

Plaque Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the surface of the tooth that faces the tongue or palate?

Lingual Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the interproximal surface facing posteriorly or away from the midline?

Distal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following surfaces is the biting or chewing surface of the incisors and canines?

Incisal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the space between the gingival tissue and the tooth?

Approximal/interproximal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct term for the part of the tooth that faces the opening of the mouth and is visible when someone smiles?

Facial Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the neurovascular supply of the tooth and nutrient delivery?

Periodontium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best prevention for periodontal disease?

Proper oral hygiene Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common complication of chronic gingivitis?

Periodontal disease and tooth loss Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases has been associated with an increase in preterm birth and adverse pregnancy outcomes?

Pre-eclampsia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of pericoronitis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for pericoronitis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause enamel erosion?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of supportive connective tissues and alveolar bone in periodontitis?

Loss of attachment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the localized infection caused by food particles and microorganisms trapped under the gum flaps?

Pericoronitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of primary teeth eruption?

Central incisors, first molars, lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, second molars, third molars Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the space between the gingival tissue and the tooth?

Gingival sulcus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the mucosal epithelial tissue surrounding the cervical portion of the teeth and the alveolar processes?

Gingivitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the dense, non-mineralized, complex mass of bacterial colonies living in a gel-like intermicrobial matrix that forms around the gingival margin?

Dental plaque Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mineralized plaque that promotes retention of bacterial biofilm and requires intervention by a dentist or dental hygienist for removal?

Calculus Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of gingivitis, induced by plaque?

Plaque-induced gingivitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of inflammation?

Cell proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues has little to no regenerative capability?

Neural tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step of tissue repair by fibrosis?

Proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following growth factors is involved in the stabilization of new blood vessels during tissue repair?

PDGF Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the excessive growth of granulation tissue in wound healing?

Proud flesh Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of granulation tissue in wound healing?

Epithelialization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can influence tissue remodeling during wound healing?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between healing by first intention and healing by second intention?

Healing by first intention involves approximation of wound edges, while healing by second intention does not Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the opening of a previously closed wound?

Dehiscence Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of delayed healing in wound repair?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that is most prevalent in the elderly.
The main cause of plaque-induced gingivitis is bacteria.
Gingivitis is slightly more prevalent in males than females.
The prevalence of gingivitis in children aged 3-11 years is 30-50%.
At age 12-14, the prevalence of gingivitis rises to 70-90%.
The main presentation of gingivitis is bleeding, inflammation, and redness of the gums.
The recommended treatment for gingivitis is regular teeth cleaning, good oral hygiene, and antibiotics if necessary.
The best prevention for gingivitis is regular teeth cleaning, good oral hygiene, and regular dental check-ups.

Tooth Anatomy

The term for the part of the tooth that faces the opening of the mouth and is visible when someone smiles is the facial surface.
The term for the surface of the tooth that faces the tongue or palate is the lingual surface.
The term for the contacting surfaces between two adjacent teeth is the proximal surface.
The term for the interproximal surface facing anteriorly or closest to the midline is the mesial surface.
The term for the interproximal surface facing posteriorly or away from the midline is the distal surface.
The term for the biting or chewing surface of the premolars and molars is the occlusal surface.

Dental Conditions

Pericoronitis is a localized infection caused by food particles and microorganisms trapped under the gum flaps.
The treatment for pericoronitis is removal of the infected tissue and antibiotics if necessary.
Enamel erosion is caused by acid erosion, attrition, and abrasion.
Gingivostomatitis is caused by herpes simplex virus.
The primary purpose of enamel is to protect the tooth from decay.

Dental Development

The first primary tooth to erupt in most infants is the lower central incisor.
The first permanent tooth to erupt in most individuals is the first molar.
The correct sequence of permanent teeth eruption is first molar, central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, first premolar, and second premolar.

Periodontitis

The main difference between plaque and calculus is that calculus is a mineralized plaque that promotes retention of bacterial biofilm.
The term for the inflammation of mucosal epithelial tissue surrounding the cervical portion of the teeth and the alveolar processes is periodontitis.
The primary cause of tooth loss in advanced stages of periodontitis is the destruction of the periodontal tissue.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the causes of gingival bleeding and hyperplasia with this quiz. Learn about the medications and agents that can lead to gingivitis and gingivostomatitis.