Carol Gilligan's Research on Moral Development Quiz and Flashcards

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How can values clarification benefit nurses?

Isolating nurses from others' values

Creating conflicts in decision-making

Promoting competition among nurses

Enhancing moral agency and decision-making (correct)

What is the difference between overt and covert values in nursing institutions?

Overt values are communicated through policy statements, while covert values are implicit expectations (correct)

Overt values are hidden, and covert values are openly communicated

Overt values are unconscious, while covert values are conscious

Overt values are unspoken, and covert values are in writing

How might institutional values impact nurses who prioritize personalized patient care?

They will have full support from the institution

They will face conflicts with institutional goals of doing more with less (correct)

They will be promoted to higher positions

They will always agree with institutional values

What can happen if a nurse's personal values conflict with institutional values within a healthcare setting?

It may lead to internal or interpersonal conflict affecting patient care Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for nurses to be aware of others' values according to the text?

To seek understanding and maintain caring relationships Signup and view all the answers

How should nurses respond to differences in values with patients or colleagues?

By seeking understanding and common ground Signup and view all the answers

According to Gilligan's research, what is the default perspective that women tend to use?

An ethic of caring Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of moral thinking, according to Gilligan, do individuals shift from concern about others' reactions to honesty about personal motivation and consequences of choices?

Phase 3 Signup and view all the answers

How does Fowler view faith development in relation to religion?

Fowler sees faith development as separate from religion Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of faith development, as proposed by Fowler, involves beliefs and moral rules symbolizing belonging within a community or family?

Mythic-Literal faith Signup and view all the answers

What is the progressive order of the phases of moral thinking in Gilligan's model?

Survival, goodness, reflective understanding of care Signup and view all the answers

How does Fowler's perspective on faith development differ from Piaget and Kohlberg?

Fowler integrates cognition and emotion in faith development Signup and view all the answers

At which level of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development do individuals focus on social conformity?

Level II: Conventional Level Signup and view all the answers

According to Kohlberg's Theory, which level emphasizes decisions based on universal moral principles?

Level III: Postconventional and Principled Level Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in Kohlberg's Theory involves fear of punishment as a major motivator?

Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in Kohlberg's Theory focuses on conforming to laws and authority to fulfill societal roles?

Stage 3: Mutual Interpersonal Expectations, Relationships, and Conformity Signup and view all the answers

What did Gilligan's research suggest about women's approach to moral decision making compared to men?

Women plateau at Stage 4 in Kohlberg's Theory Signup and view all the answers

In Kohlberg's Theory, which level recognizes emotions as a component of moral reasoning?

Level II: Conventional Level Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of faith prioritizes absolute love and justice and aims to transform present reality towards a transcendent actuality inclusive of all beings?

Stage 6: Universalizing faith Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between Ethic of Care and Ethic of Justice in nursing?

Care focuses on separateness and objective rules Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Ethical decision making?

It is a socially and culturally mediated process involving emotion and reason Signup and view all the answers

How does an ethic of care reflect nursing's experience compared to an ethic of justice?

It reflects nursing's experience more than a primary focus on justice Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Conjunctive faith as per the text?

Openness to values, beliefs, and myths from a cultural tradition Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand different perspectives according to the text?

To prevent inappropriate judgments about others' moral capabilities Signup and view all the answers

What are the main ethical principles upheld in nursing?

Respect for persons, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, fidelity, veracity, confidentiality, and justice Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an ethical dilemma?

Deciding between two equally qualified job candidates Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a dilemma and an ethical dilemma?

Dilemmas involve only moral claims, while ethical dilemmas involve conflicting obligations. Signup and view all the answers

In nursing practice, what is the responsibility of nurses regarding complex tasks?

Not delegating complex tasks that require in-depth nursing knowledge and judgment Signup and view all the answers

When do conflicting moral claims typically occur in nursing?

Between obligations, principles, duties, rights, and loyalties Signup and view all the answers

What is a common situation where nurse managers might face conflicting moral claims?

When balancing the needs of the institution with individual patients and nurses Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Understanding Values in Nursing

Values clarification enhances moral agency and decision-making in nursing.
Internalized values become part of a nurse's identity and influence their decision-making and communication.
Awareness of personal values aids in exercising moral agency and accountability.
Values conflict can lead to internal or interpersonal conflict, affecting patient care.

Impact of Institutional Values on Nurses

Overt values are communicated through philosophy and policy statements.
Covert values are implicit expectations not in writing, discovered through attitudes or controversies.
Institutional values can restrict nurses' ability to act from their personal values.
Nurses may prioritize patient care goals over institutional goals, leading to conflict.

Employment and Personal Values

Nurses should identify how their personal values align with or differ from those of the institution.
Conflicting values can lead to internal or interpersonal conflict.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

The theory proposes a progression in moral reasoning across three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
Level I: Preconventional focuses on egocentric reasoning with two stages: punishment and obedience, and individual instrumental purpose and exchange.
Level II: Conventional focuses on social conformity with two stages: mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity.
Level III: Postconventional and principled focuses on universal moral principles with two stages: a priori rights and social contract or utility.

Gilligan's Study on Women's Moral Decision Making

Women approach moral decision-making differently from men, using an ethic of caring grounded in relationship and responsibility.
The care perspective is the default perspective that women use and feel most comfortable with.
Gilligan's research proposes a progression of moral thinking through three phases: survival, focusing on goodness, and reflective understanding of care.

Fowler's Perspective on Faith Development

Faith development is a result of an integration of ways of knowing and valuing.
Fowler proposes six stages of faith, starting with intuitive faith in early childhood and progressing to universalizing faith.
Each stage builds on the previous one, with a focus on integration and responsibility.

Ethic of Care vs. Ethic of Justice in Nursing

Justice focuses on separateness and objective rules, while care focuses on natural relatedness with others.
Both perspectives offer different perspectives for examining problems, offering a comprehensive moral perspective.
An ethic of care reflects nursing's experience more than a primary focus on justice.

Ethical Decision Making in Nursing

Ethical decision-making is a socially and culturally mediated process that involves emotion and reason.
Understanding different perspectives helps appreciate personal approaches to ethical dilemmas and prevent inappropriate judgments.
Nurses are responsible for assessing individuals' knowledge, competence, and experience, and monitoring and evaluating care quality.

Dilemma and Ethical Dilemma in Nursing

A dilemma is a problem requiring a choice between two equally unfavorable and mutually exclusive options.
An ethical dilemma occurs when options include conflicting moral claims, such as a terminally ill patient deciding between life-preserving measures or support for a peaceful death.
Conflicting moral claims can occur between obligations, principles, duties, rights, loyalties, etc.

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Explore Carol Gilligan's research on moral development, focusing on the ethic of caring and progression of moral thinking through three phases. Understand how women tend to prioritize relationships and responsibility for others in their decision-making process.

Gilligan's Research on Moral Development

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