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Questions and Answers
What was the main purpose of the Pendleton Act (1883)?
What was a major issue during Grover Cleveland's presidency?
Who were the 'Mugwumps' in the context of the 1884 election?
What led to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)?
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What was the main issue in the election of 1888?
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Who were the Stalwarts in relation to political reform during the Gilded Age?
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Who was the only President elected to 2 non-consecutive terms?
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Which act made trusts illegal, although courts didn't enforce it effectively?
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What did the Populist Party try to achieve through its economic reforms?
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Who won the election of 1896 and signed the Gold Standard Act, declaring a gold-backed money system?
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Which group took advantage of Homesteads and organized the Exodusters movement?
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What was the legal basis for segregation, establishing the 'separate but equal doctrine'?
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Who focused on demanding political and social rights immediately as opposed to Booker T. Washington's economic and educational goals?
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What did the Democrat Grover Cleveland support in terms of tariffs?
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'Exempted uneducated, poor white farmers from voting restrictions' is associated with which clause that perpetuated disenfranchising African Americans?
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What was a major economic crisis that plagued Cleveland’s administration?
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What was the immediate result of James Garfield's assassination?
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Which event led to the creation of the Civil Service System in the United States?
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What was the primary focus of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) when it was created?
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What was a major challenge faced by Grover Cleveland during his presidency?
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Which candidate in the election of 1888 was supported by industrialists and advocated for high tariffs?
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What was the main aim of the Pendleton Act (1883) in relation to government jobs?
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Which party attempted to address the needs of farmers who didn't benefit from industrialization?
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Who won the electoral vote but not the popular vote in the election of 1888?
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What was the major economic crisis that plagued Grover Cleveland’s administration?
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Who signed the Gold Standard Act, declaring a gold-backed money system, after winning the election of 1896?
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Which act made trusts illegal, although courts didn't effectively enforce it?
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'Exempted uneducated, poor white farmers from voting restrictions' is associated with which clause that perpetuated disenfranchising African Americans?
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Who focused on economic and educational goals rather than immediate legal and political rights?
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Which party attempted to unite white and black farmers but faced strong racism in the South?
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What was the legal basis for segregation, establishing the 'separate but equal doctrine'?
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Which group took advantage of Homesteads and organized the Exodusters movement?
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Study Notes
Pendleton Act and Civil Service Reform
- Main purpose of the Pendleton Act (1883): to create a civil service system, making government jobs more competitive and merit-based
Grover Cleveland's Presidency
- Major issue during Cleveland's presidency: economic crisis, specifically the Panic of 1893
Election of 1884
- The 'Mugwumps' were Republicans who supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland, opposed to James G. Blaine's Republican nomination
Creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
- Led to the creation of the ICC: abuses by railroads and the need for regulation
Election of 1888
- Main issue: tariffs, with Republican candidate Benjamin Harrison supporting high tariffs and Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland advocating for lower tariffs
Political Reform during the Gilded Age
- The Stalwarts: supporters of Roscoe Conkling, opposed to civil service reform
Unique Presidential Feat
- Only President elected to two non-consecutive terms: Grover Cleveland
Trust Busting
- Act that made trusts illegal, although courts didn't enforce it effectively: Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Populist Party Goals
- Main goal of the Populist Party: to achieve economic reforms, specifically to nationalize railroads and establish a graduated income tax
Election of 1896
- Winner of the election: William McKinley, who signed the Gold Standard Act, declaring a gold-backed money system
Homesteads and Exodusters Movement
- Group that took advantage of Homesteads and organized the Exodusters movement: African Americans
Legal Basis for Segregation
- Legal basis for segregation, establishing the 'separate but equal doctrine': Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Civil Rights Activism
- Focused on demanding political and social rights immediately: Ida B. Wells, as opposed to Booker T. Washington's economic and educational goals
Tariff Support
- Democrat Grover Cleveland supported: low tariffs
Voting Restrictions
- Clause that perpetuated disenfranchising African Americans, exempting uneducated, poor white farmers from voting restrictions: Grandfather Clause
Economic Crisis
- Major economic crisis that plagued Grover Cleveland's administration: Panic of 1893
Assassination and Consequences
- Immediate result of James Garfield's assassination: creation of the Civil Service System in the United States
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
- Primary focus of the ICC when created: regulating railroads and protecting consumers
Presidential Challenge
- Major challenge faced by Grover Cleveland during his presidency: economic crisis
Election of 1888 Candidates
- Candidate supported by industrialists and advocating for high tariffs: Benjamin Harrison
Government Jobs
- Main aim of the Pendleton Act (1883): making government jobs more competitive and merit-based
Farmers' Needs
- Party that attempted to address the needs of farmers who didn't benefit from industrialization: Populist Party
Election of 1888 Outcome
- Winner of the electoral vote but not the popular vote: Benjamin Harrison
Economic Crisis (Again)
- Major economic crisis that plagued Grover Cleveland’s administration: Panic of 1893
Gold Standard Act
- Signed the Gold Standard Act, declaring a gold-backed money system: William McKinley
Trust Busting (Again)
- Act that made trusts illegal, although courts didn't effectively enforce it: Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Voting Restrictions (Again)
- Clause that perpetuated disenfranchising African Americans, exempting uneducated, poor white farmers from voting restrictions: Grandfather Clause
Economic and Educational Goals
- Focused on economic and educational goals rather than immediate legal and political rights: Booker T. Washington
Uniting Farmers
- Party that attempted to unite white and black farmers but faced strong racism in the South: Populist Party
Legal Basis for Segregation (Again)
- Legal basis for segregation, establishing the 'separate but equal doctrine': Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Homesteads and Exodusters (Again)
- Group that took advantage of Homesteads and organized the Exodusters movement: African Americans
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Description
Test your knowledge on the political reform movements during the Gilded Age, including the Spoils System, Stalwarts, the presidency of James Garfield, and the passage of the Pendleton Act.
