Gilbert Syndrome: Autosomal Dominant/Recessive Trait

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What percentage of individuals with HCC have cirrhosis?

75-90% (correct)

20-30%

50-60%

90-100%

What is the risk factor for HCC in cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B and C?

1-5% (correct)

5-10%

0.1-1%

10-20%

What is the common site of metastasis for HCC?

Brain

Lymph nodes (correct)

Lung

Bone

What is the typical blood supply for HCC?

Hepatic artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of the mutation in the glucuronyl transferase enzyme on bilirubin conjugation?

Decreased conjugation of bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

What is the demographic trend for HCC incidence?

Higher in men and rises with age Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of fasting on UDP-glucuronyl transferase levels?

Decreases UDP-glucuronyl transferase levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of stools in patients with Gilbert's syndrome?

Normal-coloured or dark stools Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of Gilbert's syndrome?

Isolated elevation of bilirubin in the setting of physical stress or illness Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased urobilinogen excretion in patients with Gilbert's syndrome?

Dark urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of haemolysis on jaundice in patients with Gilbert's syndrome?

Mildly worsens jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of HCC on CT scan following intravenous contrast?

Hypervascular Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common biochemical abnormality in patients with liver cancer?

Raised ALP Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of ascitic fluid in liver cancer?

High protein content Signup and view all the answers

What is the common site of origin for secondary malignant tumors in the liver?

Lung, breast, abdomen, or pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tumors may benefit from surgical resection?

Colonic carcinomas Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of laparoscopy in patients with liver cancer?

To facilitate liver biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of liver deterioration in patients with underlying cirrhosis?

Weight loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of liver biopsy in patients with large tumours who do not have cirrhosis or hepatitis B?

To confirm the diagnosis and exclude metastatic tumour Signup and view all the answers

Who benefits from screening for HCC by ultrasound scanning and AFP measurements?

Patients with high risk of developing HCC Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of HCCs produce Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)?

60% Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum size of focal liver lesions that can be detected by ultrasound?

2–3 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using ultrasound contrast agents in detecting liver lesions?

It increases the sensitivity and specificity Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of pyogenic liver abscesses?

Abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hydatid cysts?

Echinococcus granulosus infection Signup and view all the answers

Where are hydatid cysts most commonly located?

Liver (>65% of cases) and the lungs (25%) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a chronic hydatid cyst?

It becomes calcified Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment outcome for most patients with liver metastases?

Palliative treatment to relieve pain Signup and view all the answers