35 Questions
Which type of host harbors the adult parasite where it replicates sexually?
Definitive host
What is the term used to describe an association where one partner benefits without causing detectable harm to the other?
Commensalism
Which term describes a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans?
Zoonosis
In the classification of protozoa, which phylum contains Ciliates?
Ciliophora
What is the only amoeboid organism mentioned in the text that is of medical importance?
Entamoeba histolytica
Which category of parasites includes helminths?
Macroparasites
What term is used to describe parasites that live within the body of the host?
Endoparasites
Which type of parasite multiplies within its vertebrate host, often inside cells?
Microparasite
What is the term used to describe parasites that live on the surface of the body?
Ectoparasites
Which infectious agents are generally excluded when using the term 'parasite'?
Viruses, bacteria, and fungi
Which organelle in trophozoites plays a key role in the destruction and necrosis of tissue in the host?
Granular cytoplasm
What is the most effective antinaeglerial agent for PAM, as mentioned in the text?
Amphotericin B
What is the primary mode of transmission for E.histolytica when cysts are ingested by a human host?
Consumption of contaminated food or water
How are N. fowleri amoebae usually cultivated in the laboratory?
On moist agar spread with E. coli or Enterobacter aerogenes
Which specific anatomical site is invaded by metacystic trophozoites resulting in ultimate lodging in the submucous tissue?
Large intestine mucosa
Which type of vector is described as being essential in the life cycle of the parasite?
Biological vector
What is the process where chromatin materials are concentrated into bars within the cytoplasm of cysts?
Encystation
What is the main way in which humans can acquire Giardia lamblia infection?
By ingestion of faecally contaminated water or food
What is the key factor that determines the pathogenicity of E.histolytica within a host?
State of nutrition
What characteristic differentiates trophozoites from cysts of Giardia lamblia?
Multiple nuclei
Which method is commonly used for diagnosing Entamoeba histolytica by microscopic identification in stool samples?
Flotation or Sedimentation method
What distinguishes Entamoeba dispar from E.histolytica based on their cysts?
Eccentric endosome and 8 nuclei in mature cysts
Which drug is recommended for asymptomatic infections of Entamoeba histolytica?
Paromomycin
How does Naegleria fowleri enter the human body to cause infection?
Inhalation through the nose
What is the likely outcome in a patient infected with Naegleria fowleri?
Fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis within 72 hours
What is the mechanism by which trophozoites attach to the mucosal surface of the duodenum and jejunum?
Via the ventral disk
What is the primary method of transmission for Trichomonas vaginalis?
Vaginal intercourse
Which diagnostic method involves swallowing a gelatin capsule with a nylon string to obtain upper intestine specimens for examination?
Entero test (string test)
Which parasite is responsible for inflammation and shortening of villi in the small intestine, leading to nutrient uptake blockage?
Giardia lamblia
Which antibiotic is known to treat giardiasis effectively in a single dose and causes less nausea compared to Metronidazole?
Tinidazole
What is the critical step in the pathogenesis of T.vaginalis?
Adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells
Which of the following plays a distinct role in the pathogenesis and evasion of host immunity by T.vaginalis?
Adhesion proteins
What can cause an increase in the incidence and risk of aggressive prostate cancers?
Prolonged infection within the prostate
In which body part can Pentatrichomonas hominis infect human beings?
Intestinal tract
What is the most traditional method for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis?
Microscopic examination
Explore the process of Giardia infection where trophozoites multiply by binary fission after excystation in the duodenum. Learn about how trophozoites can localize in the biliary tract and attach to the mucosal surface using a ventral disk.
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