Giá Trị Hàng Hóa

• The value in use of a commodity depends on people's needs.
• The correct understanding of "Commodities" is that they are products of labor, satisfying human needs, and exchanged or sold.
• The value of a commodity is determined by the social labor expended by the producer.

Incorrect Statement

• Not all products are commodities.

Commodity Value

• Commodity value is a historical category.

Commodity Exchange

• Two commodities are exchanged because they are both products of labor and have similar socially necessary labor time (SNLT).

Factors Affecting Commodity Price

• Supply and demand, and commodity value affect commodity prices.

Value of a Commodity Unit

• The value of a commodity unit: Consists of past labor, new labor, and capital production costs.

Factors Influencing Commodity Value

• Labor productivity, technology in production, and labor complexity influence commodity values.

Commodity Production

• In commodity production, mental labor and manual labor both have specific and abstract labor aspects.

Increased Labor Productivity

• Increased labor productivity leads to an increased quantity of goods produced in a time unit and a decrease in the value of a single good.

Increased Labor Intensity

• Increased labor intensity leads to an increase in the total value produced in a time unit, but the value of a single good remains unchanged.

Similarity of Increased Labor Productivity and Intensity

• The similarity of increased labor productivity and intensity is that the quantity of products increases.

Increased Labor Productivity and Intensity

• When both labor productivity and intensity double, the total number of goods increases fourfold.

Two Aspects of Commodity Producer's Labor

• Concrete labor and abstract labor are two aspects of commodity producer's labor.

Why Commodities Have Use Value and Value

• The two sides of commodity production, concrete and abstract labor, explains why commodities have use value and value.
• The most accurate statement about concrete and abstract labor is that concrete labor creates the use value of a commodity, and abstract labor creates its value.

Essence of Money

• Money: Serves as the universal equivalent for all commodities.

Function of Money

• Money fulfills the function of measuring value because money itself has value.

Market

• The market is a place where buying and selling of goods occurs between economic entities.

Role of the Market

• The market provides an environment for production development, stimulates creativity, allocates resources efficiently, and integrates the national economy with the global economy.

Market Economy

• A market economy is an economy where commodities are produced and exchanged and operates according to market mechanisms.

Characteristics of Market Economy

• Open economy, multiple forms of ownership, and market-based price formation are characteristics of a market economy.

Forumla T-H-T'

• The formula T-H-T' represents the general formula of capital.

Surplus Product

• In the formula T – H – T' where T' = T + ∆T, △T represents surplus product.

Source of Surplus Value

• Surplus value originates from labor.

Capital

• Capital brings surplus value, involves capitalists buying materials and hiring labor, and is a historical category.

Paying Workers

• If capitalists pay workers the exact value of their labor power, surplus value is still exploited.

Labor Power

• Labor power is the combination of physical and intellectual capabilities of humans in the production process.

Use Value of Labor Power

• The use value of labor power is special because it can create a greater value than its own value.

Value of Labor Power

• The value of labor power includes the value of necessities for workers, the cost of training, and the value of necessities for their children.

Real Wage

• Real wage is essentially the price of labor power.

Capital Division

• Capital is divided into constant and variable capital based on the source of surplus value.

Constant and Variable Capital Division

• The division of capital into constant and variable capital helps identify the source of surplus value as variable capital.

Accumulation of Capital

• Accumulation of capital is the transformation of surplus value into capital.

Monopoly Definition

• A monopoly is an alliance of capitalists to control production and markets.

Monopoly Price

• A monopoly price is the price set by monopolistic organizations to gain high monopoly profits.

Monopoly Organization

• Cartels were the first form of monopoly organization.

Monopoly Stage

• During the monopoly stage, monopoly organizations buy and sell goods at monopoly prices to obtain monopoly profits.

Exporting Capital

• Exporting capital: Involves exporting capital to exploit surplus value and other profits in the importing country.

Monopoly

• Monopoly organizations appeared in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Negatives of Monopoly

• Monopolies stifle competition, harming consumrs and society.

Positives of Monopoly

• Monopolies create opportunities for research and development, promoting technological progress.

Economic Regulation

• Economic regulation is primarily accomplished through budgets, taxes, monetary policy, and credit policy.

Market Economy Direction

• A market economy involves operation according to market laws, building a wealthy and strong society, and leadership by the Communist Party.

Types of Ownership

• State, Collective and Private ownership are types of ownership in a socialist-oriented economy.

Exporting Capital

• Exporting capital includes direct, indirect, and mixed investments.

State Monopoly

• State monopoly: A structure in which the state uses its power in combination with private structures.

Goals oriented towards Socialism

• Socialism includes having a wealthy and happy population and a strong, democratic, equitable, and civilized nation.

Leadership to build the nation

• The socialist state is under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

Economic in the nation

• In Vietnam's socialist-oriented market economy, the key driver for liberating productive forces is the market.

Development in the nation

• The goal is to create a material and technical base for socialism and improve people's lives.

Dominate trend in the economy

• The state economic sector plays a dominant role.

Role in Vietnam

• In Vietnam's socialist-oriented market economy, the state plays a guiding role in the economy.

Economic Roles in Vietnam

• In Vietnam's socialist-oriented market economy, economic benefits are understood to incorporate material gains.

Economic in the nation for a business

• For business, economic benefits are reflected in revenue and turnover.

benefits in the nation for employees

• Workers benefit from having higher incomes.

Economic Forms in the Nation

• The most useful trend is one relating to individual economic prosperity.

Economic Leadership within the Nation

• The Communist Party leads the economy through its policies.

The governments role in economics

• The government implements the system through legal regulations, planning, and using economic tools.

Socialised economy

• In the socialised economy, distribution is based on contributions.

Functions of Economists

• The State does not directly supply goods and services.

Economy in Vietnam

• The economy is there for the citizens.

Unity in economics

• Unity is more economically beneficially.

Development in the economy

• There have been four industrial revolutions.

The Industrial Revolution Begins

• The Industrial Revolution began in England with light industries.

Industry trends in the world

• The notable industry trends in the world is transitioning between light industry and heavy industry.

Industry within world economy

• The CNH industry is a machine-based labor force.

Economies within our world

• The economies are closely related and interconnected.

Connection in nations

• Connection creates greater strength.

Industry trends and concepts

• A market and what it can become within that sector.

Trends within our economy

• Trends in the world economy, specifically production.

Industry in Anh

• CNh in Anh is mainly with light manufacturing.

Connection in Economic

• In Economics, it's a mix of many markets and connections.

Capital Exports

• Capital Exports are generally linked to the export of manufactured resources.

Industry Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution is generally linked to labor from employees.

ODA and its meaning

• ODA mainly refers to official development.

Economic Investment

• Economic Investment generally refers to funding and providing help to those in need.

Investment vs Profit

• Investment is about providing a service to others for economic profit within our worlds.

Economics within many cultures

• When culture, people, and economics meet, all kinds of social interactions can occur.

International Investment

• International Investment is generally where we are investing and working with another business in another country to help the business.