GI System Overview Quiz

<p>Nutrient molecules and electrolytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve as sources of fuel or building blocks for cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate digestive processes by hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption of nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bicarbonate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphatic fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide lubrication and protect the lining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food intake and initial digestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oesophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretes hormones and digestive enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30 feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Final absorption of water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides distensibility and elasticity to the digestive tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Submucosa and Muscularis externa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circular smooth muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coordinates contractions for food mixing and movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides lubrication and reduces friction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They generate slow-wave potentials for rhythmic contractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They mediate muscle contraction or relaxation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By increasing or decreasing GI contraction and secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and osmoreceptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prepares food for swallowing and begins mechanical breakdown (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oesophageal stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It moistens food and begins the digestion of starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can either increase or decrease GI contraction and secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport a bolus through the pharynx into the oesophagus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The group of organs responsible for breaking down food into absorbable nutrients and delivering them to the bloodstream.

The process of biochemically breaking down ingested food into smaller, simpler nutrient molecules.

The transport of digested nutrients, electrolytes, and water from the GI tract into the bloodstream to be used by the body.

The movements within the digestive tract, including muscular contractions that mix and move food forward.

The five basic processes in the GI system: motility, secretion, digestion, absorption, and storage/elimination.

The process of breaking down complex food molecules into smaller, absorbable units.

The transfer of digested nutrients, water, vitamins, and electrolytes from the GI tract into the bloodstream or lymph.

The process of mixing food with digestive juices and facilitating the breakdown of food.

Substances secreted by the GI tract that aid in digestion and absorption.

Secreted in response to neural or hormonal stimulation, these juices contain water, electrolytes, enzymes, and other components.

Secreted into the lumen of the GI tract, reaching the inside of the digestive system.

Secreted into the bloodstream, affecting other parts of the body.

The process of converting complex carbohydrates into simpler monosaccharides, proteins into amino acids, and fats into glycerol and fatty acids.

The submucosa is a layer of dense connective tissue containing blood and lymphatic vessels, lymphoid follicles and nerve fibres. It also houses the submucosal nerve plexus of Meissner, which helps regulate gut motility.

The submucosa provides distensibility and elasticity to the digestive tract, allowing it to stretch and expand.

The submucosal nerve plexus of Meissner is a network of nerves found in the submucosa layer. It helps regulate gut motility, controlling the movement of food through the digestive tract.

The muscularis externa is composed of two layers of smooth muscle: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer. These muscles work together to contract and relax, facilitating the mixing and movement of food.

The myenteric plexus of Auerbach is a nerve plexus located between the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers of the muscularis externa. It regulates gut motility along with the submucosal plexus.

The GI tract is a long, continuous tube extending from the mouth to the anus, crucial for the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

The accessory organs of the GI system support digestion but are not part of the main tube. They include the salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

The upper part of the GI tract, including the mouth, esophagus, and stomach, is responsible for receiving food, starting digestion, and preparing it for further breakdown.

The small intestine, composed of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, is the main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.

The lower part of the GI tract, including the large intestine, caecum, colon, and rectum, stores waste products and prepares them for elimination from the body.

The mucosa lining the inner surface of the alimentary canal is a crucial layer composed of epithelial cells, connective tissue, and smooth muscle. It serves as a protective barrier against pathogens and secretes enzymes, mucus, and hormones.

The submucosa is a thick layer of connective tissue located beneath the mucosa. It provides structural support and contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves that nourish and control the digestive functions.

The muscularis layer consists of two layers of smooth muscle: circular and longitudinal. These muscles coordinate contractions to move food along the digestive tract through peristalsis.

The outermost layer of the alimentary canal is the serosa. It's a thin layer of connective tissue that helps protect and lubricate the tract, enabling it to move freely in the abdominal cavity.

The salivary glands produce saliva, which is an important part of digestion. Saliva contains enzymes, like amylase, that start the breakdown of carbohydrates.

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs, providing lubrication and reducing friction.

A watery, slippery fluid secreted by the peritoneum, reducing friction between organs and surrounding structures.

Specialized cells in the GI tract that act as pacemakers, generating slow-wave potentials that regulate spontaneous rhythmic electrical activity for muscle contraction.

The intrinsic nervous system of the GI tract, composed of nerve plexuses that control muscle contraction, secretion, and blood flow.

The autonomic nervous system's influence on the GI tract, either increasing or decreasing contraction and secretion.

Hormones produced and released by the GI tract that regulate its function, influencing contraction, secretion, and digestion.

Specialized sensory receptors located in the GI tract that detect chemical changes, mechanical pressure, and osmotic changes.

The process of chewing, physically breaking down food into smaller pieces, mixing it with saliva, and initiating starch digestion.

The act of swallowing, moving food from the mouth through the pharynx and esophagus to the stomach.

The stage of swallowing where the bolus (food) moves through the pharynx, requiring coordination to prevent it from entering the airway.