GI Anatomy BMS 200 Week 2

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What condition is associated with the failure of muscle cells to populate the pleuroperitoneal membranes?

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (correct)

Inguinal Hernia

Diaphragmatic Paralysis

Hiatal Hernia

Which embryonic structure is primarily responsible for the muscular components of the diaphragm?

Somites from C3-C5 (correct)

Ectodermal structures

Endoderm derivatives

Skeletal muscle progenitors from the mesoderm

From which embryonic layer do the serous membranes that line the abdominal organs originate?

Mesoderm (correct)

Ectoderm

Endoderm

Epiblast

Which combination of structures is NOT involved in the development of the diaphragm?

Notochord and neural groove Signup and view all the answers

What results from fibroblasts failing to provide the proper cues for myoblast migration in diaphragm development?

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for forming the embryonic gut?

Splanchnopleure Signup and view all the answers

What role does the septum transversum play in embryonic development?

Contributes to the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which cavity is NOT derived from the intra-embryonic coelom?

Intrathecal cavity Signup and view all the answers

During which month does the body cavity form separate pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities?

2nd month Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the somatopleure in embryonic development?

Serves as the body wall Signup and view all the answers

The lateral mesoderm is divided into somatic and splanchnic layers due to the presence of which structure?

Intra-embryonic coelom Signup and view all the answers

What serious condition could develop if there are abnormalities in embryonic folding?

Diaphragmatic hernia Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of mesoderm becomes adjacent to the endoderm during gastrulation?

Splanchnic mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure is formed from the dorsal mesogastrium due to stomach rotation?

Greater omentum Signup and view all the answers

What condition involves the complete occlusion of the duodenal lumen?

Duodenal atresia Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply the duodenum due to its developmental origin from both foregut and midgut?

Celiac and superior mesenteric arteries Signup and view all the answers

What causes the narrowing of the pyloric lumen leading to pyloric stenosis?

Hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which embryological structure gives rise to the liver and biliary duct system?

Hepatic diverticulum Signup and view all the answers

What abnormality is characterized by partial occlusion of the duodenal lumen?

Duodenal stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom commonly associated with duodenal atresia in infants?

Polyhydramnios Signup and view all the answers

What process primarily leads to the re-opening of the duodenal lumen during development?

Recanalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct rotation of the stomach around its long axis?

180° clockwise Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are responsible for innervating the upper two-thirds of the esophagus?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are included in the hindgut?

Descending colon and rectum Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies most of the hindgut derivatives?

Inferior Mesenteric Artery Signup and view all the answers

What does the urorectal septum eventually separate in the developing cloaca?

Dorsal anal membrane and ventral urogenital membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cloaca develops into the urogenital structures?

Ventral part Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the mesentery of the sigmoid colon?

It retains its mesentery Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body does the celiac plexus supply?

Lower third of the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What structures retain their mesentery during the development of the intestines?

Jejunum and ileum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary defect in gastroschisis?

Incomplete closure of the lateral abdominal wall Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the development of Meckel's diverticulum?

The yolk stalk remains, forming the diverticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about umbilical hernias is true?

They occur after the intestines return to the abdominal cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes congenital omphalocele?

Abdominal contents covered by the amnion Signup and view all the answers

Which two conditions may mimic appendicitis due to their symptoms?

Meckel (ileal) diverticulum and gastric mucosa ulceration Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as the cecal diverticulum descends during development?

Establishment of the cecum and appendix Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT involved in the retroperitoneal position during gut development?

Transverse colon Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Embryonic Development of the GI Tract

Embryonic folding transforms a flat disk into a cylindrical structure, essential for gut formation.
The intraembryonic coelom forms isolated spaces in the lateral and cardiogenic mesoderm, leading to the division into somatic and splanchnic layers.
The splanchnopleure, comprising splanchnic mesoderm and endoderm, forms the embryonic gut.
The diaphragm develops from fusion of pleuroperitoneal membranes, muscular components from somites (C3-C5), and the esophageal mesentery.

Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Components include the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
The duodenum arises from the foregut and midgut, forming a C-shaped loop and becoming retroperitoneal after stomach rotation.
Blood supply to the GI tract is primarily through the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric arteries based on embryonic origins.

Congenital Disorders

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs in 1 in 2,000 births due to muscle cells failing to populate the pleuroperitoneal membranes.
Pyloric stenosis involves hypertrophy of the pylorus, leading to gastrointestinal obstruction marked by projectile vomiting.
Duodenal atresia and stenosis arise from incomplete recanalization, with symptoms including bile-stained vomiting.

Development of Gastrointestinal Structures

The liver bud (hepatic diverticulum) emerges from the foregut and forms the liver and biliary apparatus, connecting to the duodenum via the bile duct.
Cecal diverticulum development leads to formation of the cecum and appendix; structural growth continues postnatally.
Conditions such as omphalocele and gastroschisis result from abdominal wall defects, with contents either covered by amnion or exposed.

Developmental Implications

Meckel's diverticulum occurs from persistence of the yolk stalk, which may cause symptoms resembling appendicitis.
Umbilical hernias can arise from improper closure of the umbilical ring.
Vitelline cysts form when the vitelline duct remains patent, creating a connection between the umbilicus and intestines.

Innervation and Blood Supply

The esophagus is innervated by the vagus nerve for the upper two-thirds and the celiac plexus for the lower third.
Hindgut structures, including the left third of the transverse colon and rectum, receive blood supply from the inferior mesenteric artery.

Development of the Cloaca

The cloaca serves as a terminal part of the hindgut, dividing into the urogenital sinus and the rectum via the urorectal septum, crucial for future urinary and digestive structures.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the intricate details of gastrointestinal anatomy as covered in BMS 200 Week 2. This quiz delves into embryonic development, the relationship between the respiratory tract and digestive organs, and the structural components of the GI tract. Understand clinical implications of these developmental processes.