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Questions and Answers
Who was the founder of the Ghazni Dynasty?
Alp-Tegin
What year did Subuktagin establish the Yamini Dynasty?
977 AD
What title was NOT held by Mahmud of Ghazni?
How many times did Mahmud of Ghazni attack India?
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What happened to Jaypal after his defeat by Mahmud of Ghazni?
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In which year did Mahmud of Ghazni attack the Somnath temple?
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Which of the following works was written by Al-Beruni?
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Mahmud Ghazni's last attack was on Jagts of Sindh.
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The primary scholar of Mahmud of Ghazni's court who wrote Shahnama was _____
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What was the primary goal of Mahmud of Ghazni's invasions of India?
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Study Notes
Ghazni Dynasty
- Founded by Alp-Tegin in 962 AD.
- Alp-Tegin was a Turkish slave commander.
- Gulam Pirai, Alp-Tegin's successor, defeated the son of Jaipal.
- Subuktagin, Gulam Pirai's successor, established the Yamini dynasty in 977 AD.
Subuktagin
- Subuktagin was a slave and son-in-law of Alp-Tegin.
- He became the ruler of Ghazni in 977 AD.
- In 986 AD, Subuktagin defeated Hindu ruler Jaypal in Kabul and Jalalabad.
- Subuktagin died in 997 AD.
- Before his death, he named his younger son, Ishmael, as his successor.
- Mahmud Ghaznawi, the eldest son of Subuktagin, killed Ishmael and became king in 998 AD.
Mahmud of Ghazni
- Born on November 1st, 971 AD.
- Ruled the Yamini dynasty from 998 to 1030 AD.
- Became ruler at the age of 27.
- Held titles such as:
- Sultan-e-Aajam (first ruler to hold the title of sultan)
- Yamin-ul-Millah
- Hero of Islam (title given by the Caliph of Bagdad, Al-Kadir)
- Yamin-ud-daula
- But-shikan (Idol breaker)
- Gazi
Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni on India
- Attacked India 17 times between 1001 and 1027 AD.
- Attacks typically occurred between September-October and March-April.
First Attack:
- In 1001 AD.
- Attacked the ruler of the Royal dynasty, a descendant of Kanishka.
- Region: From Chenab River to the Hindkush Mountain (Kabul + Punjab).
- Mahmud of Ghazni defeated Jaypal, the ruler.
- Jaypal committed suicide.
- Anand pal, Tri lochanpal, and Bheempal succeeded Jaypal.
Second Attack:
- Between 1001 and 1002 AD.
- Attacked Hindushahi rulers, taking over Waihind.
Third Attack:
- In 1004 AD.
- Attacked the ruler of Kutchh (Wajira).
Fourth Attack:
- In 1005 AD.
- Attacked Multan.
Fifth Attack:
- In 1007 AD.
- Attacked Punjab.
Sixth Attack:
- In 1008 AD.
- Attacked Punjab + Nagar Kot.
Seventh Attack:
- In 1009 AD.
- Attacked Alwar.
Eighth Attack:
- In 1010 AD.
- Attacked Multan.
Ninth Attack:
- In 1013 AD.
- Attacked Thaneshwar.
Tenth Attack:
- In 1013 AD.
- Attacked Hindushahi states.
Eleventh Attack:
- In 1015 AD.
- Attacked Kashmir.
Twelfth Attack:
- In 1018 AD.
- Attacked Mathura + Kannauj.
Sixteenth Attack:
- In 1025 AD.
- Attacked the Somnath temple (Skir temple) in Saurashtra, Gujrat.
- Temple was established by Chandrader.
- Ruled by Bheem 1st.
- Mahmud of Ghazni murdered 50,000 Hindus during the attack and plundered immense wealth (65 tons of gold).
- In 1026 AD, Chalukya ruler, Bhim pal 1st, renovated the temple.
- In 1169 AD, Kumar Pal reconstructed the temple.
- In 1669 AD, Aurangzeb destroyed the temple.
- In 1765 AD, Ahilyabai reconstructed the temple.
- In 1950 AD, Sardar Patel reconstructed the temple.
- On May 1st, 1961, President Rajendra Prasad consecrated the temple.
- On December 1st, 1995, President Shankar Dayal Sharma dedicated the temple to the nation.
- The temple was designed by Prabhashankar.
Seventeenth Attack:
- Last attack in 1027 AD.
- Attacked the Jagts of Sindh (Khokhar fort) near Agra in Bhera.
Post Invasion
- Mahmud Ghaznawi constructed a university in Ghazni.
- He had two sons: Masood and Muhammad.
- After Mahmud Ghaznawi's death in 1030 AD, Masood succeeded him.
- Mahmud Ghaznawi appointed two commanders-in-chief: Sanwed ram and Tilak.
Main Scholars of Court of Mahmud of Ghazni
-
Al-Beruni
- Title: Abu-Rehan-Muhammad.
- Wrote Kitabul - Hind in Arabic.
- The book covers Indian history, geography, science, math, and astronomy.
- He was the first Muslim to study Purans.
- Book translated to Hindi by Rajnikant Sharma and to English by Edward Sachau.
-
** Firdaushi**
- Called the Homar of East (Persia).
- Composed the Shahnama.
- Scholar of Philosophy.
- Composed the Shahnama in Persian.
- Contained 1000 verses.
- Committed suicide after being insulted in court.
-
** Uttabi**
- Composed Tarikhe - Yamini.
- Tushi was a Khurasani Scholary.
- The book was also called Kitabul Yamin.
- Written in the Arabic language.
- He was the secretary of Mahmud of Ghazni.
-
** Abul Fazal Bayhaqi.**
- Called the Pops of East.
- Poet in the court of Subuktagin.
- Royal Poet and teacher.
- Wrote Tarikh - E - Subukt agin.
-
** Khwaja Ahmad.**
- Minister of Mahmud of Ghazni.
-
** Farabi**
-
** Uchri**
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Description
Explore the key events and figures of the Ghazni Dynasty, founded by Alp-Tegin in 962 AD. Learn about significant rulers such as Subuktagin and Mahmud of Ghazni, their conquests, and the historical impact they had during their reigns. This quiz covers essential dates and titles related to the dynasty's legacy.
