Ghazni Dynasty Overview

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Questions and Answers

Who was the founder of the Ghazni Dynasty?

Alp-Tegin

What year did Subuktagin establish the Yamini Dynasty?

977 AD

What title was NOT held by Mahmud of Ghazni?

  • Hero of Islam
  • Commander-in-Chief (correct)
  • But-shikan
  • Sultan-e-Aajam

How many times did Mahmud of Ghazni attack India?

<p>17 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Jaypal after his defeat by Mahmud of Ghazni?

<p>He committed suicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Mahmud of Ghazni attack the Somnath temple?

<p>1025 AD</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following works was written by Al-Beruni?

<p>Kitabul-Hind (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mahmud Ghazni's last attack was on Jagts of Sindh.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary scholar of Mahmud of Ghazni's court who wrote Shahnama was _____

<p>Firdaushi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mahmud of Ghazni's invasions of India?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Ghazni Dynasty

  • Founded by Alp-Tegin in 962 AD.
  • Alp-Tegin was a Turkish slave commander.
  • Gulam Pirai, Alp-Tegin's successor, defeated the son of Jaipal.
  • Subuktagin, Gulam Pirai's successor, established the Yamini dynasty in 977 AD.

Subuktagin

  • Subuktagin was a slave and son-in-law of Alp-Tegin.
  • He became the ruler of Ghazni in 977 AD.
  • In 986 AD, Subuktagin defeated Hindu ruler Jaypal in Kabul and Jalalabad.
  • Subuktagin died in 997 AD.
  • Before his death, he named his younger son, Ishmael, as his successor.
  • Mahmud Ghaznawi, the eldest son of Subuktagin, killed Ishmael and became king in 998 AD.

Mahmud of Ghazni

  • Born on November 1st, 971 AD.
  • Ruled the Yamini dynasty from 998 to 1030 AD.
  • Became ruler at the age of 27.
  • Held titles such as:
    • Sultan-e-Aajam (first ruler to hold the title of sultan)
    • Yamin-ul-Millah
    • Hero of Islam (title given by the Caliph of Bagdad, Al-Kadir)
    • Yamin-ud-daula
    • But-shikan (Idol breaker)
    • Gazi

Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni on India

  • Attacked India 17 times between 1001 and 1027 AD.
  • Attacks typically occurred between September-October and March-April.

First Attack:

  • In 1001 AD.
  • Attacked the ruler of the Royal dynasty, a descendant of Kanishka.
  • Region: From Chenab River to the Hindkush Mountain (Kabul + Punjab).
  • Mahmud of Ghazni defeated Jaypal, the ruler.
  • Jaypal committed suicide.
  • Anand pal, Tri lochanpal, and Bheempal succeeded Jaypal.

Second Attack:

  • Between 1001 and 1002 AD.
  • Attacked Hindushahi rulers, taking over Waihind.

Third Attack:

  • In 1004 AD.
  • Attacked the ruler of Kutchh (Wajira).

Fourth Attack:

  • In 1005 AD.
  • Attacked Multan.

Fifth Attack:

  • In 1007 AD.
  • Attacked Punjab.

Sixth Attack:

  • In 1008 AD.
  • Attacked Punjab + Nagar Kot.

Seventh Attack:

  • In 1009 AD.
  • Attacked Alwar.

Eighth Attack:

  • In 1010 AD.
  • Attacked Multan.

Ninth Attack:

  • In 1013 AD.
  • Attacked Thaneshwar.

Tenth Attack:

  • In 1013 AD.
  • Attacked Hindushahi states.

Eleventh Attack:

  • In 1015 AD.
  • Attacked Kashmir.

Twelfth Attack:

  • In 1018 AD.
  • Attacked Mathura + Kannauj.

Sixteenth Attack:

  • In 1025 AD.
  • Attacked the Somnath temple (Skir temple) in Saurashtra, Gujrat.
  • Temple was established by Chandrader.
  • Ruled by Bheem 1st.
  • Mahmud of Ghazni murdered 50,000 Hindus during the attack and plundered immense wealth (65 tons of gold).
  • In 1026 AD, Chalukya ruler, Bhim pal 1st, renovated the temple.
  • In 1169 AD, Kumar Pal reconstructed the temple.
  • In 1669 AD, Aurangzeb destroyed the temple.
  • In 1765 AD, Ahilyabai reconstructed the temple.
  • In 1950 AD, Sardar Patel reconstructed the temple.
  • On May 1st, 1961, President Rajendra Prasad consecrated the temple.
  • On December 1st, 1995, President Shankar Dayal Sharma dedicated the temple to the nation.
  • The temple was designed by Prabhashankar.

Seventeenth Attack:

  • Last attack in 1027 AD.
  • Attacked the Jagts of Sindh (Khokhar fort) near Agra in Bhera.

Post Invasion

  • Mahmud Ghaznawi constructed a university in Ghazni.
  • He had two sons: Masood and Muhammad.
  • After Mahmud Ghaznawi's death in 1030 AD, Masood succeeded him.
  • Mahmud Ghaznawi appointed two commanders-in-chief: Sanwed ram and Tilak.

Main Scholars of Court of Mahmud of Ghazni

  • Al-Beruni

    • Title: Abu-Rehan-Muhammad.
    • Wrote Kitabul - Hind in Arabic.
    • The book covers Indian history, geography, science, math, and astronomy.
    • He was the first Muslim to study Purans.
    • Book translated to Hindi by Rajnikant Sharma and to English by Edward Sachau.
  • ** Firdaushi**

    • Called the Homar of East (Persia).
    • Composed the Shahnama.
    • Scholar of Philosophy.
    • Composed the Shahnama in Persian.
    • Contained 1000 verses.
    • Committed suicide after being insulted in court.
  • ** Uttabi**

    • Composed Tarikhe - Yamini.
    • Tushi was a Khurasani Scholary.
    • The book was also called Kitabul Yamin.
    • Written in the Arabic language.
    • He was the secretary of Mahmud of Ghazni.
  • ** Abul Fazal Bayhaqi.**

    • Called the Pops of East.
    • Poet in the court of Subuktagin.
    • Royal Poet and teacher.
    • Wrote Tarikh - E - Subukt agin.
  • ** Khwaja Ahmad.**

    • Minister of Mahmud of Ghazni.
  • ** Farabi**

  • ** Uchri**

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