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Questions and Answers
What marks the beginning of the second trimester in prenatal development?
What marks the beginning of the second trimester in prenatal development?
The third trimester is when most major organ systems become functional.
The third trimester is when most major organ systems become functional.
True
What is the process called when a sperm cell penetrates an oocyte?
What is the process called when a sperm cell penetrates an oocyte?
Fertilization
During the first trimester, rudiments of all major __________ systems appear.
During the first trimester, rudiments of all major __________ systems appear.
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What happens during oocyte activation?
What happens during oocyte activation?
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The second trimester involves changes in body shape and proportions.
The second trimester involves changes in body shape and proportions.
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What is the duration of prenatal development divided into?
What is the duration of prenatal development divided into?
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Match the trimester with its main feature:
Match the trimester with its main feature:
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What triggers oocyte activation during fertilization?
What triggers oocyte activation during fertilization?
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Oocyte activation occurs only after the completion of meiosis II.
Oocyte activation occurs only after the completion of meiosis II.
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What occurs approximately 30 hours after fertilization?
What occurs approximately 30 hours after fertilization?
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The structure that surrounds the oocyte and facilitates sperm contact is called the ______.
The structure that surrounds the oocyte and facilitates sperm contact is called the ______.
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Match the following stages of fertilization with their descriptions:
Match the following stages of fertilization with their descriptions:
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What is formed during the first cleavage division?
What is formed during the first cleavage division?
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The structures that are remnants of meiosis in the female are called ______.
The structures that are remnants of meiosis in the female are called ______.
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The first polar body is involved in fertilization.
The first polar body is involved in fertilization.
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What is the process that occurs 7–10 days after fertilization?
What is the process that occurs 7–10 days after fertilization?
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Embryogenesis establishes foundations for all major organ systems.
Embryogenesis establishes foundations for all major organ systems.
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During which trimester does the fetus grow faster than the surrounding placenta?
During which trimester does the fetus grow faster than the surrounding placenta?
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During gestation, the process of _______ involves the formation of blood vessels around the periphery of the blastocyst.
During gestation, the process of _______ involves the formation of blood vessels around the periphery of the blastocyst.
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Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four general processes of the first trimester?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four general processes of the first trimester?
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The placenta allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between maternal and fetal blood.
The placenta allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between maternal and fetal blood.
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What is the effect of the growing fetus on the mother's abdominal organs during the third trimester?
What is the effect of the growing fetus on the mother's abdominal organs during the third trimester?
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Increased _______ rate is one of the maternal changes observed during gestation.
Increased _______ rate is one of the maternal changes observed during gestation.
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What happens to the growth rate of the fetus during the third trimester?
What happens to the growth rate of the fetus during the third trimester?
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Study Notes
Gestation
- Time spent in prenatal development, split into trimesters.
- First trimester: Includes pre-embryonic and early fetal development. Rudiments of all major organ systems begin to form.
- Second trimester: Focused on development of organs and organ systems. Body shape and proportions change significantly.
- Third trimester: Rapid fetal growth and deposition of adipose tissue occur. Most major organ systems become fully functional.
Fertilization
- The process begins with ovulation, where a secondary oocyte and a first polar body are released.
- The oocyte is surrounded by the corona radiata and is suspended in metaphase II of meiosis.
- Fertilization occurs when a single sperm makes contact with the oocyte membrane.
- This triggers oocyte activation and the completion of meiosis.
Gestation - First trimester
- Four crucial processes occur during the first trimester:
- Cleavage: The zygote undergoes repeated divisions, increasing the number of cells.
- Implantation: The blastocyst attaches to the uterine lining, beginning around 7-10 days after fertilization.
- Placentation: Blood vessels form around the periphery of the blastocyst, leading to the development of the placenta.
- Embryogenesis: The formation of a viable embryo takes place, establishing the foundation for major organ systems.
Implantation
- Occurs approximately 7-10 days after fertilization.
- The blastocyst adheres to the uterine lining.
- Trophoblast cells divide quickly, creating layers that contribute to the placenta.
Placentation and Embryogenesis
- Placentation: The process of forming the placenta, enabling exchange between maternal and fetal blood.
- Embryogenesis: The formation of the embryo, establishing the foundations for all major organ systems.
Gestation - Second and Third trimester
- Second trimester: Fetal growth surpasses the growth of the placenta.
- Third trimester: Most organ systems become functional without maternal assistance.
- Growth slows during the third trimester, but significant weight gain occurs.
- The fetus and enlarged uterus displace many of the mother's abdominal organs.
Maternal Changes
- The fetus relies entirely on maternal organs.
- Maternal changes include increases in:
- Respiratory Rate
- Tidal volume
- Blood volume
- Nutrient and vitamin intake
- Kidney filtration rate.
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Description
Explore the fascinating processes of gestation and fertilization in human development. This quiz covers key stages from fertilization through the three trimesters of gestation, detailing the developmental changes and crucial processes that occur. Perfect for students studying human biology or prenatal development.
