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Questions and Answers
Which article is used when the identity of the noun is not known to the reader?
Which article is used when the identity of the noun is not known to the reader?
What is the plural form of the article 'a'?
What is the plural form of the article 'a'?
When is the article 'the' used?
When is the article 'the' used?
What is an indirect object?
What is an indirect object?
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What is a collocation?
What is a collocation?
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Why is learning collocations helpful?
Why is learning collocations helpful?
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What is a compound?
What is a compound?
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What is the purpose of an article in a sentence?
What is the purpose of an article in a sentence?
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Which of the following verbs is typically used with a gerund after it?
Which of the following verbs is typically used with a gerund after it?
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What is the purpose of using the -ing form with the verb 'hate'?
What is the purpose of using the -ing form with the verb 'hate'?
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Which of the following is an example of a non-count noun?
Which of the following is an example of a non-count noun?
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What is the difference between 'I stopped smoking' and 'I stopped to smoke'?
What is the difference between 'I stopped smoking' and 'I stopped to smoke'?
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Which of the following is a correct usage of the definite article 'the'?
Which of the following is a correct usage of the definite article 'the'?
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What is the purpose of using the infinitive form 'to' + infinitive after certain verbs?
What is the purpose of using the infinitive form 'to' + infinitive after certain verbs?
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Which of the following is an example of a count noun?
Which of the following is an example of a count noun?
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What is the difference between 'I remember playing Atari' and 'I remember to phone her'?
What is the difference between 'I remember playing Atari' and 'I remember to phone her'?
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Study Notes
Gerunds and Infinitives
- Gerunds (verb + ing) are used:
- After certain verbs (e.g., enjoy, dislike, recommend)
- After prepositions
- As the subject or object of a sentence (infinitive nominal)
- Infinitives ("to" + infinitive) are used:
- After certain verbs (e.g., decide, agree, want)
- After many adjectives
- Infinitives without "to" are used:
- After modals and auxiliary verbs
- After "let", "make", and "help"
- After some verbs of perception (e.g., see, watch, hear)
Verbs with Gerund or Infinitive
- Some verbs can take both gerund and infinitive, but with different meanings
- Examples:
- Try to be on time (make an effort) vs. Try doing yoga (do it to see if you like it)
- I stopped smoking (I am not smoking anymore) vs. I stopped to smoke a cigarette (I am going to smoke now)
Articles
- Articles (a, an, the) are used before nouns or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective
- The is used:
- Before a singular or plural noun
- When the identity of the noun is known by the reader
- A/an is used:
- Before a singular count noun when the identity isn't known
- To indicate any non-specified member of a group/category
- To indicate one in number (as opposed to more than one)
- With an adjective between the article and noun
- Plural form of a or an is some
- Rule #1: specific identity not known, use a/an with a singular count noun
- Rule #2: specific identity known, use the with any noun (singular, plural, count or non-count)
Direct and Indirect Objects
- Direct objects:
- Receive the action of the verb
- Answer the question "Whom?" or "What?"
- Indirect objects:
- Between the verb and direct object
- Tell "to/for whom?" or "to/for what?" the action of the verb is done
- If a sentence has an indirect object, it must also have a direct object
Collocations and Compounds
- Collocation: Pair/group of words often used together
- Learning collocations helps to:
- Sound more natural in English
- Express in a variety of ways
- Write better in English
- Get better marks in exams
- Compounds: Units of meaning formed with 2 or more words
- Examples of collocations: make mistakes, watch TV, ancient monuments, heavy snow
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Description
Learn how to use gerunds and infinitives in English grammar, including after certain verbs, prepositions, and adjectives. Understand the rules for using 'to' + infinitive and infinitive without 'to'.
