Geriatrics NCM 114

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes Erik Erikson's stage of 'Integrity vs Despair'?

Focusing on generativity and contributing to society

Reflecting on life and feeling a sense of accomplishment or failure (correct)

Striving for success and achievement in middle age

Developing personal relationships and intimacy

Which age group is classified as 'The Old Old'?

Ages 75 – 84

Ages 55 – 64

Ages 65 – 74

Ages 85 and up (correct)

What did the Poor Laws in 17th century England aim to provide?

Care for the destitute, especially the elderly (correct)

Employment opportunities for older citizens

Healthcare for all citizens

Education for the youth

What is the primary focus of Gene Cohen's Developmental Intelligence Quotient?

Evaluating neurological and emotional growth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized group in the aging classification?

The Aged Middle Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern reflected in the Bible regarding family and elders?

Instilling respect for elders and well-being of family Signup and view all the answers

What does biological aging refer to?

The physiological changes that occur over time Signup and view all the answers

Which term is associated with Erikson's stage of 'Generativity vs Stagnation'?

Contributing to society and guiding the next generation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of geriatrics?

The diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting older adults Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines gerontology?

The study of all aspects of the aging process Signup and view all the answers

What does ageism entail?

Discrimination against individuals based on their age Signup and view all the answers

In gerontological nursing, what is emphasized?

Advocating for the health of older persons at all levels of prevention Signup and view all the answers

How did early Egyptians view aging?

As a condition to be dreaded and reversed Signup and view all the answers

Plato's view on older adults emphasized what aspect of their role in society?

Their wisdom in decision-making Signup and view all the answers

What historical attitude towards older adults was noted in the time of Confucius?

Respect was directly correlated with age Signup and view all the answers

How did ancient Romans perceive their elders?

As unworthy of leadership Signup and view all the answers

What is the projected proportion of the world's population that will be aged 60 years and older by 2050?

22% Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic factor is NOT mentioned as influencing population aging?

Migration patterns Signup and view all the answers

By what year is it expected that 1 in 6 people in the world will be aged 60 years or older?

2030 Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected number of people aged 80 years or older by 2050?

426 million Signup and view all the answers

What factor is directly linked to living arrangements for older adults?

Income Signup and view all the answers

How much is the global population of people aged 60 years and older expected to increase from 1 billion in 2020?

2.1 billion Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnic group has a higher life expectancy at birth?

Asians & Pacific Islanders Signup and view all the answers

What age is often considered as the start of 'elderly' in the context of incarceration?

50 years Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Phase 1 of Gene Cohen’s Developmental Intelligence Quotient?

People become more thoughtful and aware of complexities. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves a significant development of new neurons in the brain?

Phase 2 - Liberation Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in Phase 3 – Summing Up?

A review of life and its meaning with a desire to give back. Signup and view all the answers

At what life stage do individuals primarily experience independence?

Ages mid-30s to mid-60s Signup and view all the answers

What describes the situation in Stage 3 - Dependent?

There is a noticeable decline in both physical and mental activity. Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to be true of older adults in the Interdependence stage?

They experience a need for assistance with daily activities. Signup and view all the answers

What does Phase 4 - Final Phase, Encore highlight about older adults?

They often experience high levels of satisfaction and resilience. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the Crisis Management stage?

Individuals generally require 24-hour monitoring. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of baby boomers regarding their children as they enter senior years?

They will have fewer biologic children available to assist them. Signup and view all the answers

Which trend reflects the lifestyle of baby boomers compared to previous generations of older adults?

They favor a more casual dress code. Signup and view all the answers

What type of role do baby boomers expect to have in their healthcare as retirees?

An active role, desiring control over their care options. Signup and view all the answers

How are baby boomers likely to perceive nursing home facilities?

They will demand improvements and modern facilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is one goal of the UN Decade of Healthy Ageing?

To reduce health inequities and improve older people's lives. Signup and view all the answers

In which area is the UN Decade of Healthy Ageing taking collaborative action?

Changing how society thinks and acts towards age and ageism. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of baby boomers' education makes them different from previous generations?

They tend to have higher educational attainment. Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely attitude of baby boomers towards technology?

They embrace and use high-tech products frequently. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Geriatrics and Gerontology

Geriatrics is a medical specialty centered on the physiology of aging, focusing on diagnosing and treating age-related diseases.
Gerontology, derived from Greek, encompasses the comprehensive study of aging, including clinical, psychological, economic, and sociological aspects affecting older adults and society.

Ageism

Ageism refers to the prejudice or discrimination against older adults, often arising from biases about aging such as perceptions of being unattractive, unintelligent, or unproductive.
This attitude creates a divide, allowing younger generations to see older adults as having lesser value.

Gerontological Nursing

Involves advocating for older adults' health across all prevention levels.
Addresses the needs of all older individuals from the onset of old age until death.

Historical Views of Older Adults

Different cultures have perceived aging uniquely:
- The U.S. values the contributions of older generations in building the nation.
- Ancient Chinese traditions revered aging, regarding it as an achievement deserving honor.
- Early Egyptians feared aging, while philosophers like Plato saw older adults as suitable leaders, contrasting with Aristotle, who excluded them from governance.

Age Groups

Defined age categories for older adults include:
- Young Old: Age 65 - 74
- Middle Old: Age 75 - 84
- Old Old: Age 85 and above

Aging as a Development Process

Erik Erikson outlines psychosocial stages including Generativity vs. Stagnation and Integrity vs. Despair.
Gene Cohen’s model introduces four phases of maturity, highlighting the evolving cognitive and emotional capacities during later life.

Stages of Aging

Independence: Majority live independently, managing daily needs though some minor declines may occur.
Interdependence: Increased difficulty with daily tasks may arise, often necessitating caregiver assistance.
Dependency: Noticeable challenges in activities of daily living (ADLs) with possible health facility support required.
Crisis Management & End of Life: Intensive monitoring and access to health care services, including hospice care.

Global Aging Trends

By 2050, the global population aged over 60 will reach 2.1 billion, with 80% living in low- to middle-income countries.
The number of individuals over 80 is projected to triple from 2020 to 2050, reaching 426 million.

Contributing Factors to Aging Population

Rising Life Expectancy due to improved healthcare and sanitation.
Declining fertility rates influenced by changing societal values and acceptance of birth control.

Baby Boomers

Entering senior years between 2008 and 2030; characterized by low birth rates and high education levels.
Tend to have higher household incomes, often due to dual-income families, and are more technologically savvy.
Known for prioritizing fitness and will seek high-quality, innovative health care options as retirees, expecting modern amenities in long-term care facilities.

WHO Response

The UN declared 2021-2030 as the Decade of Healthy Ageing, aiming to engage various sectors in improving lives for older adults through better health systems and community support.
Focus areas include altering perceptions of aging, fostering environments that utilize older individuals' capabilities, and ensuring access to integrated health services and quality long-term care.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of geriatrics, focusing on the physiology of aging and the medical treatment of conditions affecting older adults. Gain insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and the broader field of gerontology. Perfect for understanding the complexities associated with aging populations in healthcare.