GERD and PUD Pathophysiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Asthma
  • Stress-related mucosal damage (correct)

    • What is a common cause of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) extending deep into the gastrointestinal mucosa?

  • NSAID use (correct)
  • Hormonal imbalance
  • Bacterial infection
  • Excessive fiber intake

    • Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

  • NSAID use
  • Fruit and vegetable intake (correct)
  • H. pylori infection
  • Alcohol consumption

    • What is the main bacterial cause associated with Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

    <p>H. pylori</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Stress-Related Mucosal Damage (SRMD) occur?

    <p>By taking NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is commonly used for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

    <p>Endoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism through which NSAIDs contribute to peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

    <p>Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risk factors is NOT associated with peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

    <p>Regular exercise routine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key risk factors for Stress Related Mucosal Damage (SRMD) in an ICU setting?

    <p>Mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Helicobacter pylori typically transmitted?

    <p>Contaminated water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about GERD diagnosis is TRUE?

    <p>ALARMD symptoms should be present for endoscopy to be warranted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common way in which H. pylori contributes to peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>Producing urease, lipases, and proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main defense mechanism against reflux in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

    <p>Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) relaxation during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

    <p>Recent onset of symptoms (&lt;3 months)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type secretes histamine in the stomach and contributes to gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Enterochromaffin-Like (ECL) Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of Parietal Cells in the stomach?

    <p>Secretion of gastric acid via H-K-ATPase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT listed as a risk factor for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

    <p>Potassium Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acid pH range that activates pepsin from its inactive precursor, pepsinogen?

    <p>$1.5-3.5$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Surface Mucus Cells in the stomach?

    <p>Secretion of bicarbonate and mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk factor for Stress Related Mucosal Damage (SRMD) in an ICU setting?

    <p>Mechanical ventilation over 48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of transmission for H. pylori?

    <p>Fecal-oral transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to NSAID-induced Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

    <p>Decreased bicarbonate secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Helicobacter pylori that aids in its pathogenesis?

    <p>Production of urease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

    <p>High alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with Stress Related Mucosal Damage (SRMD) in an ICU setting?

    <p>High dose steroids use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Symptomatic heart burn without injury and with injury?

    <p>The development of esophagitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by symptoms like cough, laryngitis, and wheezing?

    <p>Barrett’s Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying cause of Upper GI bleed in Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

    <p>Ulcerous erosion into an artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the development of Gastric outlet obstruction in Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

    <p>Mechanical obstruction caused by scarring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Parietal cells affect ulcer healing in Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

    <p>Impedes ulcer healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor leads to an increased risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIB) in Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

    <p>Platelet disaggregation and impaired clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main defense mechanism that separates the gastric and esophageal lumens from each other?

    <p>Thickening of the smooth muscle lining of the distal esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to nocturnal Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

    <p>Decreased saliva production while sleeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Chief Cells in the stomach?

    <p>Synthesizes and secretes pepsinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can directly irritate the stomach mucosa in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

    <p>High fat meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) that differentiates it from typical symptoms?

    <p>Melena or hematemesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type secretes histamine in the stomach and contributes to gastric acid secretion?

    <p>ECL cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of Surface Mucus Cells in the stomach?

    <p>Protects the epithelial cell surface with a mucus layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) reduce acid secretion?

    <p>By binding to H2 receptors on the basolateral surface of parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main therapeutic use of H2 antagonists?

    <p>Treatment of gastric, duodenal, and stress ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class blocks acid secretion by inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in parietal cells?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of H2 receptor antagonists in reducing acid secretion?

    <p>Blocking histamine binding to H2 receptors on parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does more frequent initial dosing of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have on the time to achieve full inhibition?

    <p>Decreases the time to achieve full inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of PPIs on acid secretion in the stomach?

    <p>Acid secretion is suppressed for 24-48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethnic group is more likely to have a CYP2C19 genotype associated with slow metabolism of PPIs?

    <p>Asians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do omeprazole and esomeprazole affect the elimination of phenytoin, diazepam, and warfarin in the body?

    <p>Decrease their elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for using bismuth subsalicylate?

    <p>Active bleeding ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of high usage of bismuth subsalicylate?

    <p>Salicylate toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication's effectiveness may be decreased by bismuth subsalicylate?

    <p>Lisinopril</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause harmless darkening of the tongue when using liquid formulations?

    <p>Allergic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bismuth subsalicylate when used for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms?

    <p>To coat ulcers and erosions as a protective layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is bismuth subsalicylate excreted from the body?

    <p>Minimally absorbed (less than 1%) and excreted in stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What warning is associated with bismuth subsalicylate regarding its use?

    <p>It can cause Reye's syndrome if overlapped with other salicylates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a known function of bismuth subsalicylate?

    <p>Enhance bile secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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