Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following topics is NOT covered in the 'Shallow Foundations' lectures?
Which of the following topics is NOT covered in the 'Shallow Foundations' lectures?
What is the total number of seminars scheduled for the 'Site Investigation' part of the module?
What is the total number of seminars scheduled for the 'Site Investigation' part of the module?
Which of the following provides a comprehensive overview of the module's content?
Which of the following provides a comprehensive overview of the module's content?
What is the format and weight of the assessment for this semester module?
What is the format and weight of the assessment for this semester module?
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Which week is specifically designated as 'Activity Week'?
Which week is specifically designated as 'Activity Week'?
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For which of the following aspects is a mock exam going to be provided?
For which of the following aspects is a mock exam going to be provided?
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What topics are covered in the 'Engineering Geology' section, besides the 'Introduction to Earth'?
What topics are covered in the 'Engineering Geology' section, besides the 'Introduction to Earth'?
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Which of these factors is NOT directly addressed by civil engineers in collaboration with geologists during the construction planning process?
Which of these factors is NOT directly addressed by civil engineers in collaboration with geologists during the construction planning process?
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Which Eurocode deals with actions on structures?
Which Eurocode deals with actions on structures?
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What is the primary purpose of the National Annexes?
What is the primary purpose of the National Annexes?
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Which Eurocode focuses on design detailing?
Which Eurocode focuses on design detailing?
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Which Eurocode deals with the design of timber structures?
Which Eurocode deals with the design of timber structures?
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What is the primary focus of Eurocode 7?
What is the primary focus of Eurocode 7?
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Which Eurocode deals with the general basis for structural design, including safety principles?
Which Eurocode deals with the general basis for structural design, including safety principles?
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Which of the following is NOT a Eurocode?
Which of the following is NOT a Eurocode?
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Which Eurocode is responsible for the design of masonry structures?
Which Eurocode is responsible for the design of masonry structures?
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Which Eurocode(s) could be relevant to a project involving the design of a reinforced concrete bridge over a river, considering the soil conditions and potential seismic activity?
Which Eurocode(s) could be relevant to a project involving the design of a reinforced concrete bridge over a river, considering the soil conditions and potential seismic activity?
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What is the role of the National Annexes in relation to European building regulations?
What is the role of the National Annexes in relation to European building regulations?
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Which of the following defines the conditions under which a structure may fail, leading to catastrophic events like collapse?
Which of the following defines the conditions under which a structure may fail, leading to catastrophic events like collapse?
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What are the two main categories of limit states in geotechnical design?
What are the two main categories of limit states in geotechnical design?
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What is meant by the term ‘limit state design’ in geotechnical engineering?
What is meant by the term ‘limit state design’ in geotechnical engineering?
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Which of the following examples is NOT a typical serviceability limit state?
Which of the following examples is NOT a typical serviceability limit state?
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How is the verification that no limit state is exceeded conducted in geotechnical design?
How is the verification that no limit state is exceeded conducted in geotechnical design?
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Which of the following is an example of ‘Design by Prescriptive Measures’?
Which of the following is an example of ‘Design by Prescriptive Measures’?
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Why is the ‘observational method’ used in geotechnical design?
Why is the ‘observational method’ used in geotechnical design?
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Which of the following situations IS NOT directly related to ‘limit state design’ in geotechnical engineering?
Which of the following situations IS NOT directly related to ‘limit state design’ in geotechnical engineering?
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Which of these statements is TRUE about the design approaches used in Eurocodes?
Which of these statements is TRUE about the design approaches used in Eurocodes?
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Which design approach applies partial factors to actions (or effects of actions) and resistances simultaneously?
Which design approach applies partial factors to actions (or effects of actions) and resistances simultaneously?
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What is the primary goal of using partial factors in structural design?
What is the primary goal of using partial factors in structural design?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor considered when determining the design approach for a structure?
Which of the following is NOT a factor considered when determining the design approach for a structure?
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According to the provided content, what is the primary reason for having different design approaches for Structural (STR) and Geotechnical (GEO) applications?
According to the provided content, what is the primary reason for having different design approaches for Structural (STR) and Geotechnical (GEO) applications?
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Which of the following is the most likely reason why some EU countries initially had differing approaches to applying partial factors before the Eurocodes?
Which of the following is the most likely reason why some EU countries initially had differing approaches to applying partial factors before the Eurocodes?
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What is the primary purpose of the 'National Annex' in the context of the Eurocodes?
What is the primary purpose of the 'National Annex' in the context of the Eurocodes?
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What is the significance of applying partial factors to actions alone in Design Approach 1?
What is the significance of applying partial factors to actions alone in Design Approach 1?
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What is the difference between 'FQ' and 'A' in the context of actions?
What is the difference between 'FQ' and 'A' in the context of actions?
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What is the main difference between 'effects of actions' and 'resistance' of a structure?
What is the main difference between 'effects of actions' and 'resistance' of a structure?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the design value of an action (Fd)?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the design value of an action (Fd)?
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According to Eurocode 7, which of the following can partial factors be applied to?
According to Eurocode 7, which of the following can partial factors be applied to?
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Which of the following is NOT considered geometrical data in structural design?
Which of the following is NOT considered geometrical data in structural design?
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Why is it unnecessary to include a separate safety margin on geometrical data when partial factors are used for action and material properties?
Why is it unnecessary to include a separate safety margin on geometrical data when partial factors are used for action and material properties?
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How is the design value of geometrical data (ad) calculated when significant deviations are anticipated?
How is the design value of geometrical data (ad) calculated when significant deviations are anticipated?
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Which of these options best describes the purpose of partial factors in structural design?
Which of these options best describes the purpose of partial factors in structural design?
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Flashcards
Siting a structure
Siting a structure
The process of selecting a location for construction based on various factors such as geology and stability.
Geotechnics
Geotechnics
The branch of civil engineering that deals with the behavior of earth materials and their applications in construction.
Geomorphology
Geomorphology
The study of landforms and the processes that shape them, influencing construction stability.
Site exploration
Site exploration
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Effective planning
Effective planning
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Bearing capacity
Bearing capacity
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Soil improvement
Soil improvement
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Geological mapping
Geological mapping
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Site Investigation
Site Investigation
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Eurocode 7
Eurocode 7
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Settlement
Settlement
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Field Tests
Field Tests
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Mock Exam
Mock Exam
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Variable (Transient) FQ
Variable (Transient) FQ
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Accidental Actions
Accidental Actions
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Effects of Actions
Effects of Actions
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Resistance of a Structural Member
Resistance of a Structural Member
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Geometrical Data
Geometrical Data
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Design Value of an Action (Fd)
Design Value of an Action (Fd)
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Design Value of Material Properties (Xd)
Design Value of Material Properties (Xd)
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Partial Factors
Partial Factors
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Limit State Design
Limit State Design
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Serviceability Limit States (SLS)
Serviceability Limit States (SLS)
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Ultimate Limit States (ULS)
Ultimate Limit States (ULS)
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Categories of ULS
Categories of ULS
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Equilibrium Limit States (EQU)
Equilibrium Limit States (EQU)
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Design by Calculation (DbC)
Design by Calculation (DbC)
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Design by Prescriptive Measures
Design by Prescriptive Measures
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Verification Methods
Verification Methods
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Design values
Design values
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Design Approach 1
Design Approach 1
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Design Approach 2
Design Approach 2
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Design Approach 3
Design Approach 3
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Action factors
Action factors
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Resistance factors
Resistance factors
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BS EN 1990
BS EN 1990
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BS EN 1991
BS EN 1991
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BS EN 1992
BS EN 1992
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BS EN 1993
BS EN 1993
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BS EN 1994
BS EN 1994
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BS EN 1995
BS EN 1995
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BS EN 1996
BS EN 1996
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BS EN 1997
BS EN 1997
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National Annexes
National Annexes
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Study Notes
Engineering Geology and Geotechnics - Lecture 1
- The module is KB5020 and taught by Chuanbin Zhu.
- The course covers engineering geology and geotechnics.
- Assessment is a 3-hour exam worth 100% of the module mark.
- Students must follow the examination's specifications regarding wording and content.
- An example bank of exam questions will be provided in revision sessions.
- A mock exam is available.
Module Overview (Lecture 1)
- The module is structured with lectures and seminars.
- Site Investigation: Three lectures, followed by three seminars (weeks 1-3 and 2-4)
- Planning investigations (desk study)
- Soil and rock sampling and groundwater measurements.
- Field tests in soil and rock.
- Shallow Foundations: Three lectures and three seminars (weeks 9-11)
- Bearing capacity
- Settlement
- Soil improvement
- Engineering Geology: Four lectures and three seminars (weeks 4-5, 7-8)
- Earth introduction
- Weathering, geological mapping, and geological structures
- Activity Week: TW-6, March 6th.
Engineering Geology: Why bother?
- Civil engineers and construction managers work with geologists to plan construction, including:
- Site selection (site investigation).
- Material selection and sourcing.
- Ensuring structural stability (Geomorphology; Geotechnics).
- Geologists provide information for siting, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of projects.
- Site exploration is needed for civil engineering works, either excavating soil or rock or to bear load from works.
- Excavated material may be used for construction materials.
- Effective site investigation plans improve safety, reduce risk/cost, increase sustainability, and efficiency.
Module Assessment
- The assessment is a 100% 3-hour exam.
- Conforming to the examination specification is mandatory.
- Previous exam examples will be provided.
Eurocodes (Lecture 11)
- The Eurocodes published in the UK consist of a series of standards.
- BS EN 1990: Basis of structural design (ECO)
- BS EN 1991: Actions on structures (EC1)
- BS EN 1992: Design of concrete structures (EC2)
- BS EN 1993: Design of steel structures (EC3)
- BS EN 1994: Design of composite structures (steel and concrete) (EC4)
- BS EN 1995: Design of timber structures (EC5)
- BS EN 1996: Design of masonry structures (EC6)
- BS EN 1997: Geotechnical design (EC7)
- Part 1: General rules for EC7.
- Part 2: Ground investigation and testing for EC7.
- BS EN 1998: Design for earthquake resistance (EC8)
- BS EN 1999: Design for aluminium structures (EC9)
Lecture Outline (Lecture 11)
- Eurocodes, Wider Context, Design Situations, Limit State Design, Design Methods, Basic Variables, Design Approaches, and Verification
Principles & Application Rules
- Eurocode statements are either Principles (mandatory) or Application Rules (providing guidance).
- Principles are general statements and definitions with no alternatives.
- Application Rules are examples of recognised rules, which satisfy their defined requirements and allow for alternatives that conform to the relevant principles.
Design Requirements (Lecture 32)
- For each geotechnical design situation, it must be verified that no relevant limit state (as defined in EN 1990:2002) is exceeded.
- Relevant factors for defining design situations and limit states include: actions and combinations, overall stability and ground movements, characteristics and classification of different construction zones, dipping bedding planes, and other underground structures.
Design Working Life (Lecture 33)
- Different categories of structures have different design working lives.
- Examples include temporary structures, replaceable parts, agricultural structures, common structures, and monumental structures, like bridges.
Consequence Classes (Lecture 34)
- Structures are categorized by the potential consequences of their failure (e.g., CC4 - highest consequence, CC0 - lowest consequence).
- This classification guides the design process, establishing appropriate standards for safety and reliability.
Geotechnical Complexity Class (Lecture 35)
- Geotechnical Complexity Classes (GCC) are defined from a combination of structure consequence and ground complexity.
- GCC 3 - significant ground related uncertainty.
- GCC 2 - normal/uniform ground conditions.
- GCC 1 - low ground complexity with low sensitivity to water.
Geotechnical Category (Lecture 36)
- The geotechnical category combines the consequence class of the structure with the geotechnical complexity class to classify the structure for design purposes and verification.
Design Situations (Lectures 38-42)
-
Design situations represent different physical conditions a structure faces in its working life.
- Normal use (persistent), temporary (transient), exceptional (accidental), and seismic (accidental).
-
The design situations for each structure and consideration of the different circumstances is critical.
-
Factors for design situations and limit states include actions, combinations of actions, stability, ground movements, soil and rock properties, elements of construction, dipping bedding planes, mine workings, and other underground structures
-
Environment factors: impacts on construction of scour, erosion, excavation, chemical corrosion, weathering, freezing, droughts, groundwater variations, flooding, water exploitation, and other effects on ground.
-
Specific situation factors: earthquakes, deformations, impact of new structure on existing structures, interbedded hard and soft strata, faults, joints, stability of rock blocks, solution cavities and processes.
Design Methods (Lectures 51-56)
- Various methods for verifying limit states: calculation, prescriptive measures, observational methods, and experimental modeling/load testing.
Design Values and Partial Factors (Lectures 64-69)
- Design values are used for quantifying actions and materials.
- Partial factors are used to incorporate uncertainty.
- Approaches to application of partial factors can vary between different EU countries.
Verification (Lecture 79)
- Verification of limits states to ensure no relevant limit state is exceeded.
- Categories of ultimate limit states:
- Equilibrium (EQU)
- Uplift (UPL)
- Hydraulic (HYD)
- Structural (STR)
- Geotechnical (GEO)
- Categories of ultimate limit states:
Other Notes
- Eurocode 7 Part 1 (BS EN 1997-1:2004): General Rules.
- Eurocode 7 Part 2 (BS EN 1997-2:2007): Site investigation and reporting.
- There are two generations of these Eurocode publications.
- The second generation is expected to be published between 2023 and 2026
- The first-generation documents should be used unless otherwise stated or by relevant authority or specifications.
- Documents are to be used with national annexes and other referenced documents.
- Eurocodes are a suite of interconnected documents.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Geotechnical Engineering module, covering essential topics such as shallow foundations, site investigation, Eurocodes, and engineering geology. This quiz will challenge your understanding of the module's structure, assessment formats, and key concepts relevant to civil engineering.