Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the adult literacy rate represent?
What does the adult literacy rate represent?
- The percentage of the population that has completed high school
- The percentage of adults who can read and write at a basic level (correct)
- The percentage of the total population enrolled in literacy programs
- The percentage of adults who have a college degree
Which scale would be most appropriate for giving directions from a house to a local store?
Which scale would be most appropriate for giving directions from a house to a local store?
- Global scale
- National scale
- Regional scale
- Local scale (correct)
What is NOT a type of geospatial technology?
What is NOT a type of geospatial technology?
- GIS (Geographic Information System)
- GPS (Global Positioning System)
- Aerial photography
- Personal digital assistants (correct)
What does the U.S. Census survey provide information about?
What does the U.S. Census survey provide information about?
When comparing average home prices across different regions, what scale is being used?
When comparing average home prices across different regions, what scale is being used?
Which pattern of population density would typically indicate a city?
Which pattern of population density would typically indicate a city?
What is a primary function of remote sensing satellites?
What is a primary function of remote sensing satellites?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies using a regional scale?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies using a regional scale?
How do population distribution and density impact service provision?
How do population distribution and density impact service provision?
What primarily influences the fertility rates in different regions?
What primarily influences the fertility rates in different regions?
What does the demographic transition model illustrate?
What does the demographic transition model illustrate?
Which factor is NOT considered a push factor in migration?
Which factor is NOT considered a push factor in migration?
What is the main focus of the epidemiological transition model?
What is the main focus of the epidemiological transition model?
What determines population aging?
What determines population aging?
Which term refers to the maximum number of people sustained by given resources?
Which term refers to the maximum number of people sustained by given resources?
How are population pyramids useful?
How are population pyramids useful?
What are Ravenstein's laws of migration primarily focused on?
What are Ravenstein's laws of migration primarily focused on?
What is a common characteristic of voluntary migration?
What is a common characteristic of voluntary migration?
Which type of density relates to the number of farmers per unit of arable land?
Which type of density relates to the number of farmers per unit of arable land?
What role do social values play in shaping fertility rates?
What role do social values play in shaping fertility rates?
What does Lee's Migration Model account for?
What does Lee's Migration Model account for?
What are functional regions characterized by?
What are functional regions characterized by?
Which type of region involves areas defined by common characteristics such as language or climate?
Which type of region involves areas defined by common characteristics such as language or climate?
What does a perceptual region primarily rely on?
What does a perceptual region primarily rely on?
In map scaling, what does the scale of 1:63,360 represent?
In map scaling, what does the scale of 1:63,360 represent?
Which map projection is known for preserving shape while distorting size?
Which map projection is known for preserving shape while distorting size?
What characterizes a topographic map?
What characterizes a topographic map?
Which type of map uses shapes of varying sizes to represent data distribution?
Which type of map uses shapes of varying sizes to represent data distribution?
What does distance decay refer to?
What does distance decay refer to?
What is the main idea behind space-time compression?
What is the main idea behind space-time compression?
Which concept refers to balancing the needs of people and the environment with existing resources?
Which concept refers to balancing the needs of people and the environment with existing resources?
In what scenario does possibilism apply?
In what scenario does possibilism apply?
What do isopleth maps specifically depict?
What do isopleth maps specifically depict?
Which of the following best describes a choropleth map?
Which of the following best describes a choropleth map?
What does a flow-line map illustrate?
What does a flow-line map illustrate?
What is the primary characteristic of counterurbanization?
What is the primary characteristic of counterurbanization?
Which of these is considered a push factor in migration?
Which of these is considered a push factor in migration?
What term is used for individuals who are forced to leave their homes due to conflict but remain within their country's borders?
What term is used for individuals who are forced to leave their homes due to conflict but remain within their country's borders?
Which migration model suggests the presence of both push and pull factors in both the origin and destination countries?
Which migration model suggests the presence of both push and pull factors in both the origin and destination countries?
What describes chain migration?
What describes chain migration?
What is the process called when migrants send money back to their home country to support families?
What is the process called when migrants send money back to their home country to support families?
What is a common misconception about the demographics of migrants?
What is a common misconception about the demographics of migrants?
What term refers to the emigration of highly skilled individuals seeking better opportunities?
What term refers to the emigration of highly skilled individuals seeking better opportunities?
Which of the following terms refers to a maximum limit on immigration from a specific country?
Which of the following terms refers to a maximum limit on immigration from a specific country?
What does the term 'circular migration' describe?
What does the term 'circular migration' describe?
What is acculturation?
What is acculturation?
What is a primary characteristic of ethnic enclaves?
What is a primary characteristic of ethnic enclaves?
Which of the following best describes a creole language?
Which of the following best describes a creole language?
What is Environmental Determinism primarily concerned with?
What is Environmental Determinism primarily concerned with?
Which type of map displays average values of a property or quantity through shades or colors?
Which type of map displays average values of a property or quantity through shades or colors?
What distinguishes a formal region from other types of regions?
What distinguishes a formal region from other types of regions?
Which of the following is a key concept of time-space compression?
Which of the following is a key concept of time-space compression?
Which statement best describes 'relative distance'?
Which statement best describes 'relative distance'?
What does a cartogram replace on a map?
What does a cartogram replace on a map?
Which method for calculating population density focuses specifically on agricultural land use?
Which method for calculating population density focuses specifically on agricultural land use?
Which term describes the effect of distance on cultural interactions, indicating that interaction declines with increased distance?
Which term describes the effect of distance on cultural interactions, indicating that interaction declines with increased distance?
What is the role of citizen science in scientific research?
What is the role of citizen science in scientific research?
What characteristic defines a functional (nodal) region?
What characteristic defines a functional (nodal) region?
Which term refers to the distortion caused when mapping a curved surface onto a flat one?
Which term refers to the distortion caused when mapping a curved surface onto a flat one?
What best describes the concept of 'possibilism'?
What best describes the concept of 'possibilism'?
What does 'site definition' refer to in geography?
What does 'site definition' refer to in geography?
Which map type utilizes dot symbols to illustrate the presence or quantity of a phenomenon?
Which map type utilizes dot symbols to illustrate the presence or quantity of a phenomenon?
What does the total fertility rate (TFR) indicate?
What does the total fertility rate (TFR) indicate?
What does zero population growth (ZPG) signify?
What does zero population growth (ZPG) signify?
Which statement best describes Japan's population pyramid?
Which statement best describes Japan's population pyramid?
What are the two primary theories regarding overpopulation?
What are the two primary theories regarding overpopulation?
What is the dependency ratio used for?
What is the dependency ratio used for?
What characterizes forced migration?
What characterizes forced migration?
What is the role of the ecumene in population studies?
What is the role of the ecumene in population studies?
What does the epidemiologic transition model primarily focus on?
What does the epidemiologic transition model primarily focus on?
Which of the following best describes net in-migration?
Which of the following best describes net in-migration?
How did the Industrial Revolution affect demographic transition?
How did the Industrial Revolution affect demographic transition?
What is a characteristic of intraregional migration?
What is a characteristic of intraregional migration?
What is the primary difference between voluntary and forced migration?
What is the primary difference between voluntary and forced migration?
Which aspect of population policies seeks to increase birth rates?
Which aspect of population policies seeks to increase birth rates?
Which term describes a boundary line that separates two different linguistic regions?
Which term describes a boundary line that separates two different linguistic regions?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes folk culture from popular culture?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes folk culture from popular culture?
Which of the following best defines stimulus diffusion?
Which of the following best defines stimulus diffusion?
What does the term 'ghetto' refer to?
What does the term 'ghetto' refer to?
Which religion is characterized as monotheistic and universalizing, originating in Israel?
Which religion is characterized as monotheistic and universalizing, originating in Israel?
What is a lingua franca?
What is a lingua franca?
What defines an autonomous region?
What defines an autonomous region?
What is 'Balkanization'?
What is 'Balkanization'?
Which of the following best describes syncretism?
Which of the following best describes syncretism?
Which term refers to the cultural prohibitions that restrict certain behaviors?
Which term refers to the cultural prohibitions that restrict certain behaviors?
What characterizes the diffusion pattern of popular culture?
What characterizes the diffusion pattern of popular culture?
In the context of cultural geography, which type of diffusion occurs when people physically move to a new location?
In the context of cultural geography, which type of diffusion occurs when people physically move to a new location?
What is the main difference between a branch and a denomination in religion?
What is the main difference between a branch and a denomination in religion?
What is the primary characteristic of a failed state?
What is the primary characteristic of a failed state?
Which term describes a political entity with powers divided between a central government and regional governments?
Which term describes a political entity with powers divided between a central government and regional governments?
What does the term ethnic cleansing refer to?
What does the term ethnic cleansing refer to?
Which of the following best describes a compact state?
Which of the following best describes a compact state?
What aspect defines ethnonationalism?
What aspect defines ethnonationalism?
How does gerrymandering affect electoral districts?
How does gerrymandering affect electoral districts?
What is a characteristic of a multiethnic state?
What is a characteristic of a multiethnic state?
What is a centripetal force in political geography?
What is a centripetal force in political geography?
Which type of boundary is drawn to accommodate cultural differences?
Which type of boundary is drawn to accommodate cultural differences?
What does the term irredentism refer to?
What does the term irredentism refer to?
Which is true about a microstate?
Which is true about a microstate?
What does the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) allow a coastal state to do?
What does the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) allow a coastal state to do?
Which of the following describes a fragmented state?
Which of the following describes a fragmented state?
Which type of boundary is characterized by being established before cultural landscapes emerged?
Which type of boundary is characterized by being established before cultural landscapes emerged?
What is an example of a geometric boundary?
What is an example of a geometric boundary?
Which factor does NOT typically lead to the devolution of states?
Which factor does NOT typically lead to the devolution of states?
Which term describes the political entities that have limited sovereignty and function autonomously within a larger sovereign state?
Which term describes the political entities that have limited sovereignty and function autonomously within a larger sovereign state?
What term describes a political entity whose cultural boundaries align with its political boundaries?
What term describes a political entity whose cultural boundaries align with its political boundaries?
The largest flow of international migrants currently originates from which regions?
The largest flow of international migrants currently originates from which regions?
Which of the following best defines 'self-determination'?
Which of the following best defines 'self-determination'?
What is a characteristic of a 'perforated state'?
What is a characteristic of a 'perforated state'?
Which of the following best defines acculturation?
Which of the following best defines acculturation?
How does redlining affect communities?
How does redlining affect communities?
Which of the following is an example of a consequent boundary?
Which of the following is an example of a consequent boundary?
What concept describes the effects of cultural diffusion leading to shared cultural traits among different groups?
What concept describes the effects of cultural diffusion leading to shared cultural traits among different groups?
Which term refers to political movements striving for independence within a larger political entity?
Which term refers to political movements striving for independence within a larger political entity?
Which of the following statements best describes territoriality?
Which of the following statements best describes territoriality?
What defines a 'relict boundary'?
What defines a 'relict boundary'?
Which process can lead to a nation-state becoming a failed state?
Which process can lead to a nation-state becoming a failed state?
What does the term 'stateless nation' refer to?
What does the term 'stateless nation' refer to?
Which feature is characteristic of superimposed boundaries?
Which feature is characteristic of superimposed boundaries?
What main obstacle do most immigrants face upon entering a new country?
What main obstacle do most immigrants face upon entering a new country?
What is the primary objective of supranational organizations?
What is the primary objective of supranational organizations?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of unitary states?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of unitary states?
What is a defining trait of a 'unitary state'?
What is a defining trait of a 'unitary state'?
Which organization has the primary role of challenging state sovereignty through international cooperation?
Which organization has the primary role of challenging state sovereignty through international cooperation?
How does desertification impact migration patterns in regions like West Africa?
How does desertification impact migration patterns in regions like West Africa?
What distinguishes a 'subsequent boundary' from other types of boundaries?
What distinguishes a 'subsequent boundary' from other types of boundaries?
Which of the following is an example of a choke point?
Which of the following is an example of a choke point?
What is meant by 'territoriality'?
What is meant by 'territoriality'?
What defines 'neocolonialism'?
What defines 'neocolonialism'?
Flashcards
Adult Literacy Rate
Adult Literacy Rate
The percentage of adults in a country or region who can read and write at a basic level.
Pattern of Population Density
Pattern of Population Density
The way in which population is distributed across a geographic area.
Map Scale
Map Scale
The level of detail and geographic extent shown on a map. Examples include local, regional, national, and global.
Geospatial Technologies
Geospatial Technologies
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Demographics
Demographics
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U.S. Census
U.S. Census
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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
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Free Response Questions (FRQs)
Free Response Questions (FRQs)
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Environmental Determinism
Environmental Determinism
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Possibilism
Possibilism
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Site
Site
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Place
Place
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Citizen Science
Citizen Science
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VGI (Volunteered Geographic Information)
VGI (Volunteered Geographic Information)
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Region
Region
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Choropleth Map
Choropleth Map
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Isoline Map
Isoline Map
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Dot Distribution Map
Dot Distribution Map
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Proportional Symbol Map (Graduated Symbol Map)
Proportional Symbol Map (Graduated Symbol Map)
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Cartogram
Cartogram
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Absolute Distance
Absolute Distance
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Relative Distance
Relative Distance
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Time-Space Compression
Time-Space Compression
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Formal (Uniform) Region
Formal (Uniform) Region
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Perceptual (Vernacular) Region
Perceptual (Vernacular) Region
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Map Projection
Map Projection
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Goode's Projection
Goode's Projection
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Robinson Projection
Robinson Projection
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Mercator Projection
Mercator Projection
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Dot Density Map
Dot Density Map
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Reference Map
Reference Map
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Topographic Map
Topographic Map
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Flow-line Map
Flow-line Map
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Distance Decay
Distance Decay
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Carrying Capacity
Carrying Capacity
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S-Curve Population Growth
S-Curve Population Growth
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Physiological Density
Physiological Density
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Agricultural Density
Agricultural Density
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Natural Increase
Natural Increase
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Population Doubling Time
Population Doubling Time
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Census
Census
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Population Density
Population Density
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Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
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Epidemiological Transition
Epidemiological Transition
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Push Factors
Push Factors
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Pull Factors
Pull Factors
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Urbanization
Urbanization
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Transnational Migration
Transnational Migration
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Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
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Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
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Crude Death Rate (CDR)
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
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Doubling Time
Doubling Time
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Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
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Replacement Fertility Ratio
Replacement Fertility Ratio
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Overpopulation
Overpopulation
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Ecumene
Ecumene
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Demographic Transition Stages (DTM)
Demographic Transition Stages (DTM)
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Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
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Population Pyramids
Population Pyramids
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Age Cohorts
Age Cohorts
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Life Expectancy/Longevity
Life Expectancy/Longevity
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Dependency Ratio
Dependency Ratio
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Natural Boundary
Natural Boundary
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Geometric Boundary
Geometric Boundary
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Consequent Boundary
Consequent Boundary
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Ethnic Cleansing
Ethnic Cleansing
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Multinational State
Multinational State
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Failed State
Failed State
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Fragmented State
Fragmented State
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Federal State
Federal State
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Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
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Irredentism
Irredentism
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Imperialism
Imperialism
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Centrifugal Force
Centrifugal Force
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Elongated State
Elongated State
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Democracy
Democracy
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Devolution
Devolution
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Interregional Migration
Interregional Migration
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Counterurbanization
Counterurbanization
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Refugees
Refugees
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Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
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Intervening Obstacle
Intervening Obstacle
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Remittances
Remittances
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Guest Workers/Migrant Workers
Guest Workers/Migrant Workers
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Chain Migration
Chain Migration
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Brain Drain
Brain Drain
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Brain Gain
Brain Gain
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Immigration Quotas
Immigration Quotas
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Circular Migration
Circular Migration
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Hierarchical Diffusion
Hierarchical Diffusion
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Isogloss
Isogloss
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Language Family
Language Family
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Lingua Franca
Lingua Franca
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Relocation Diffusion
Relocation Diffusion
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Sense of Place
Sense of Place
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Stimulus Diffusion
Stimulus Diffusion
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Syncretism
Syncretism
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Taboo
Taboo
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Toponym
Toponym
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Cultural Patterns
Cultural Patterns
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Hearth
Hearth
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Belief/Ethic Systems
Belief/Ethic Systems
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Universal Religion
Universal Religion
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Denominations
Denominations
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Nation-State
Nation-State
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Stateless Nation
Stateless Nation
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Superimposed Boundary
Superimposed Boundary
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Relict Boundary
Relict Boundary
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Self-Determination
Self-Determination
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Separatism
Separatism
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Terrorism
Terrorism
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Sovereignty
Sovereignty
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State (Country)
State (Country)
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Prorupted State
Prorupted State
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Perforated State
Perforated State
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NAFTA
NAFTA
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Supranational Organization
Supranational Organization
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Territorial Sea
Territorial Sea
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Antecedent Boundary
Antecedent Boundary
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Centripetal Forces
Centripetal Forces
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Neocolonialism
Neocolonialism
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Cultural Syncretism
Cultural Syncretism
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Study Notes
Unit 1: Introduction to Geography
- Adult Literacy Rate: Percentage of the adult population able to read and write at a basic level.
- Population Density Patterns: Maps can show clustered, linear, random, or coastal population distributions.
- Scale in Geography: Global, regional, national, and local scales are essential for geographic analysis; appropriate scales vary based on the geographic question. For example, finding directions to a local restaurant uses a detailed map scale, not a global one.
- Geospatial Technologies: Include GPS, GIS, remote sensing, satellite navigation systems, and aerial photography.
- U.S. Census Surveys: Collected every 10 years, to count residents of the US and gather demographic data. Important for allocating federal funds.
- Regions: Vary based on characteristics.
- Functional (nodal) regions are areas influenced by a central point (e.g., radio station broadcast radius).
- Formal (uniform) regions share a common characteristic (e.g., language, climate, State laws).
- Perceptual (vernacular) regions are defined by people's perceptions (e.g., "the South").
- Map Scales: Express map distance relative to ground distance (e.g., 1:63,360 means 1 inch on the map equals 63,360 inches on the ground). Different scales showcase varying amounts of land area.
- Map Projections: Goode's, Robinson, and Mercator projections – each with unique advantages and distortions affecting depictions of landmasses and areas. See appendix for more details.
- Types of Maps: Isopleth, choropleth, dot density, reference, topographic, cartogram, and flow-line maps to showcase different geographic information.
- Distance Decay: The diminishing interaction between two locations as the distance between them increases.
- Space-Time Compression: Relative distance between places decreases due to improved transportation and communication (faster travel).
- Example: Traveling between San Francisco and New York in 2024 vs. 1830
- Sustainability: Balancing environmental needs, human needs, and available resources for present and future generations.
- Possibilism: Humans use technology to adapt to and modify their environment.
- Environmental Determinism: Environment shapes human social development.
Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes
- Population Distribution: Influenced by physical (climate, landforms) and human (culture, economics, politics) factors.
- Population Density Calculations: Arithmetic (total population/total land area), physiological (population/arable land), and agricultural (farmers/arable land) densities.
- Consequences of Population Distribution: Impacts political, economic, and social processes (service provision) and environmental resources (carrying capacity).
- Population Dynamics: Driven by fertility, mortality, and migration rates.
- Natural Increase Rate (NIR): Difference between birth rate and death rate.
- Population Doubling Time: The time it takes for a population to double in size.
- Total Fertility Rate (TFR): Average number of children born per woman. Measures fertility.
- Demographic Transition Model (DTM): Explains population change over time as a country or region progresses through stages of development.
- Epidemiological Transition Model: Explains changing death rates over time, correlated with stages of societal development.
- Women and the DTM: Changing social values, access to education, employment, healthcare, and contraception affect fertility rates.
- Aging Populations: Population aging is influenced by birth and death rates and life expectancy; has significant political, social, and economic consequences.
- Population Composition (Population Pyramids): Shows age and sex structures, revealing population growth or decline. Used to predict consumer markets and needs.
- Malthusian Theory: Population growth outpaces food production. Critiques focus on innovations and technology.
- Population Policies: Pronatalist (encouraging births) or antinatalist (limiting births) policies, including immigration policies.
- Causes of Migration: Push factors (e.g., war, poverty) and pull factors (e.g., economic opportunity) influence migration. Intervening opportunities and obstacles affect migration patterns.
- Forced and Voluntary Migration: Forced migration (slavery, refugees) vs. voluntary migration (transnational, internal). Types include chain migration, step migration, guest worker migration, and rural-to-urban migration.
- Effects of Migration: Political, economic, and cultural impacts, including remittances.
- Ravenstein's Laws of Migration: Summarize migration patterns (short-distance movements, rural-to-urban migration, male-female differences, etc.).
- Lee's Migration Model: Considers push and pull factors, intervening obstacles to explain migration patterns.
- Zelinsky's Migration Transition Model: Migration trends are linked to stages of the demographic transition.
Vocabulary Definitions
(Included for reference, not a separate study section.) Various terms related to population, migration, and demographic concepts are defined within the provided text.
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