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Questions and Answers
At absolute zero (0K), pure Silicon and Germanium are classified as which of the following?
At absolute zero (0K), pure Silicon and Germanium are classified as which of the following?
- Conductors
- Semiconductors (correct)
- None
- Insulators
In the calcium fluoride structure, the coordination numbers of cations and anions are:
In the calcium fluoride structure, the coordination numbers of cations and anions are:
- 6 and 6
- 8 and 4 (correct)
- 4 and 8
- 4 and 4
Which of the following structures is associated with a Frenkel defect?
Which of the following structures is associated with a Frenkel defect?
- Graphite
- Diamond
- NaBr
- NaCl (correct)
In a tetragonal crystal structure, which of the following statements is true?
In a tetragonal crystal structure, which of the following statements is true?
In face-centered cubic (fcc) structures, cations occupy which kind of voids?
In face-centered cubic (fcc) structures, cations occupy which kind of voids?
Which crystal structure has all sides equal and angles equal to 90 degrees?
Which crystal structure has all sides equal and angles equal to 90 degrees?
Which of the following ionic compounds is expected to have the maximum distance between cations and anions?
Which of the following ionic compounds is expected to have the maximum distance between cations and anions?
In solid alkali metal halides, what primarily causes the appearance of color?
In solid alkali metal halides, what primarily causes the appearance of color?
Which structure is characterized by angles of 90 degrees and unequal sides?
Which structure is characterized by angles of 90 degrees and unequal sides?
Which of the following types of materials exhibits ferrimagnetism?
Which of the following types of materials exhibits ferrimagnetism?
What is the coordination number of a gold atom in the crystal?
What is the coordination number of a gold atom in the crystal?
Which crystal system corresponds to the unit cell dimensions given by a = 0.387, b = 0.387, and c = 0.504 with α = β = 90° and γ = 120°?
Which crystal system corresponds to the unit cell dimensions given by a = 0.387, b = 0.387, and c = 0.504 with α = β = 90° and γ = 120°?
What is the atomic mass of gold as mentioned in the provided content?
What is the atomic mass of gold as mentioned in the provided content?
What is the density of gold as stated in the content?
What is the density of gold as stated in the content?
In X-ray studies, how is the packing of atoms in a crystal of gold arranged?
In X-ray studies, how is the packing of atoms in a crystal of gold arranged?
What is the significance of the values α = β = 90° and γ = 120° in the context of crystal systems?
What is the significance of the values α = β = 90° and γ = 120° in the context of crystal systems?
What does a coordination number relate to in crystal structures?
What does a coordination number relate to in crystal structures?
Which characteristic differentiates the hexagonal crystal system from others?
Which characteristic differentiates the hexagonal crystal system from others?
What is the density of gold in grams per cubic centimeter (gcc)?
What is the density of gold in grams per cubic centimeter (gcc)?
For an fcc crystal with a density of 10.0 gcc and a cell edge of 200 pm, how many atoms are in 100 g of the crystal, expressed as x × 10^24?
For an fcc crystal with a density of 10.0 gcc and a cell edge of 200 pm, how many atoms are in 100 g of the crystal, expressed as x × 10^24?
What type of impurity should be added to silicon (Si) to create an n-type doped semiconductor?
What type of impurity should be added to silicon (Si) to create an n-type doped semiconductor?
How many octahedral voids in a face-centered cubic (fcc) unit cell are not shared with other unit cells?
How many octahedral voids in a face-centered cubic (fcc) unit cell are not shared with other unit cells?
What is the relationship between the number of atoms in the unit cell of an fcc structure and its packing efficiency?
What is the relationship between the number of atoms in the unit cell of an fcc structure and its packing efficiency?
What is the ratio of Fe3+ to Fe2+ ions in Fe0.9S?
What is the ratio of Fe3+ to Fe2+ ions in Fe0.9S?
In NaCl, how do the chloride ions occupy space?
In NaCl, how do the chloride ions occupy space?
What is the fraction of total volume occupied by atoms in a simple cubic structure?
What is the fraction of total volume occupied by atoms in a simple cubic structure?
What is the correct expression for the interionic distance in a cesium chloride crystal?
What is the correct expression for the interionic distance in a cesium chloride crystal?
If NaCl is doped with 10^-4 mol% SrCl2, what is the effect on the concentration of cation vacancies?
If NaCl is doped with 10^-4 mol% SrCl2, what is the effect on the concentration of cation vacancies?
Which of the following compounds has a ratio of Fe3+ to Fe2+ greater than 1?
Which of the following compounds has a ratio of Fe3+ to Fe2+ greater than 1?
Which structure has the highest packing efficiency among the following?
Which structure has the highest packing efficiency among the following?
In terms of ionic radii, what holds for cesium chloride?
In terms of ionic radii, what holds for cesium chloride?
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Study Notes
Solid State Chemistry Overview
- Pure silicon and germanium at 0K are classified as semiconductors.
- In the calcium fluoride structure, the coordination numbers for cations and anions are 8 and 4, respectively.
Crystal Structure Types
- Tetragonal crystals have dimensions where a = b ≠ c and angles α = β = γ = 90°.
- In NaCl, the chloride ions occupy a face-centered cubic (FCC) arrangement.
- The interionic distance for cesium chloride crystals can be expressed as a.
Ionic Compounds and Defects
- The maximum distance between cations and anions occurs in LiI.
- Frenkel defects are observed in NaBr, while Schottky defects are linked to ionic compounds in general.
Properties of Alkali Metal Halides
- The color appearance in solid alkali metal halides is commonly due to F-centers.
Magnetism and Ion Ratios
- Ferrimagnetism is demonstrated by Fe3O4, while the ratio of Fe3+ to Fe2+ ions in Fe0.9S is 0.28.
Volume Occupation and Doping
- The total volume occupied by atoms in a simple cubic cell is π/6.
- Doping NaCl with 10⁻⁴ mol% SrCl₂ increases the concentration of cation vacancies.
Crystallography and Density
- The crystal system for a compound with lattice parameters a = b = 0.387 nm, c = 0.504 nm, α = β = 90°, and γ = 120° is hexagonal.
- In FCC crystals, there are 1 octahedral void not shared with other unit cells per unit cell.
Semiconductor Doping
- To create n-type doped semiconductors, impurities with five valence electrons should be added to silicon.
Other Noteworthy Facts
- The density of gold is 19.4 g/cm³ and its atomic mass is 197 amu.
- The number of atoms in a 100 g FCC crystal with a density of 10.0 g/cm³ and cell edge of 200 pm equals 5 × 10²⁴.
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