Geometry and Reactions of Molecules

Questions and Answers

What is the electronic geometry for the central atom in beryllium hydride (BeH2), and what is its molecular geometry?

Both are linear.

Which types of intermolecular forces are present in ammonia (NH3)?

Hydrogen bonding

Dispersion forces

Permanent dipole

All of the above (correct)

What is the electronic geometry for the central atom in water, and what is its molecular geometry?

The electronic geometry is tetrahedral, and the molecular geometry is bent.

What is the electronic geometry for the central atom in ozone (O3), and what is its molecular geometry?

The electronic geometry is trigonal planar, and the molecular geometry is bent. Signup and view all the answers

In the combustion reaction for pentane, which compound is oxidized?

C5H12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the total amount in micrograms of carbon in a sample containing 9.66 × 10^17 atoms?

19.3 μg Signup and view all the answers

How many milligrams of water will be produced from the complete reaction of 3.14 g of ammonium hydroxide?

1.61 × 10^3 mg Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction Cu + NiCl → CuCl2 + Ni, what happened to Copper?

Oxidized Signup and view all the answers

How many liters of gas are in a balloon filled with 12g of nitrogen gas at STP?

9.6 L Signup and view all the answers

What is the final molarity after diluting 25mL of 17.4M acetic acid to 125mL and then taking 10mL of that to make 100mL?

0.348 M Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons were lost in the reaction 2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2 NaCl(aq) + Cl2(g)?

Two Signup and view all the answers

How many milligrams of lead(II) iodide can be produced from 7,855.0 μg of potassium iodide?

10.91 mg Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of water will be produced from the combustion of 65.0 g of pentane?

5.41 mol Signup and view all the answers

What is the heat of reaction, ΔHrxn, for the reaction: CH4 + Br2 → CH3Br + HBr?

−35.0 kJ/mol Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Beryllium Hydride (BeH2)

Electronic and molecular geometries are both linear.
Two groups of electrons are 180° apart.
Absence of nonbonding electron pairs leads to identical geometries.

Ammonia (NH3)

Exhibits hydrogen bonding due to N—H bonds.
Contains dispersion forces and a permanent dipole.
Important in synthesizing organic compounds like hydrazine for rocket fuel.

Water (H2O)

Electronic geometry is tetrahedral; molecular geometry is bent.
Four groups of electrons are arranged at 109.5°.
Presence of two nonbonding pairs on O atom affects geometric shapes.

Ozone (O3)

Electronic geometry is trigonal planar while molecular geometry is bent.
Three groups of electrons are separated at 120°.
One nonbonding electron pair on the central oxygen atom alters geometry.

Combustion of Pentane (C5H12)

Pentane (C5H12) is oxidized in the combustion reaction.
Transforms into carbon dioxide, indicating an increase in oxygen atoms.

Carbon Graphite Sample

Contains 9.66 × 10^17 carbon atoms.
Equivalent mass is 19.3 micrograms.

Ammonium Hydroxide Reaction

Balanced equation: 2 NH4OH + H2SO4 → 2 H2O + (NH4)2SO4.
From 3.14 g of ammonium hydroxide, 1.61 × 10^3 mg of water is produced.

Copper and Nickel Reaction

Copper is oxidized, changing from neutral to +2 oxidation state.
Nickel is reduced from +1 to 0.

Nitrogen Gas Balloon

A balloon containing 12 g of nitrogen gas holds 9.6 liters at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

Dilution of Acetic Acid

First dilution results in a concentration of 3.48 M.
Final dilution yields a molarity of 0.348 M acetic acid.

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

Reaction: 2 Na + Cl2 → 2 NaCl + Cl2.
Two electrons are lost by sodium in the oxidation process.

Lead(II) Iodide Formation

Balanced equation: 2 KI + Pb(NO3)2 → PbI2 + 2 KNO3.
From 7,855.0 μg of potassium iodide, 10.91 mg of lead(II) iodide is produced.

Combustion of Pentane Reaction

Balanced equation indicates combustion yields 6 moles of water per mole of C5H12.
65.0 g of pentane produces 5.41 moles of water.

Heat of Reaction for Methane and Bromine

Reaction: CH4 + Br2 → CH3Br + HBr.
Heat of reaction (ΔHrxn) calculated as −35.0 kJ/mol using bond energies.
Considers bonds broken and formed during the reaction.

Description

Explore the fascinating geometries and reactions of various molecules including Beryllium Hydride, Ammonia, Water, and Ozone. This quiz delves into their electronic and molecular structures, as well as the reactions such as the combustion of Pentane. Test your understanding of molecular geometry and chemical processes.