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Manuals were prescriptive in the extreme and were inclined to use words such as ‘shall’, ‘will’ and ‘may not’. Little scope was allowed for the designer to apply his or her mind to the creation of innovative solutions to design problems
Manuals were prescriptive in the extreme and were inclined to use words such as ‘shall’, ‘will’ and ‘may not’. Little scope was allowed for the designer to apply his or her mind to the creation of innovative solutions to design problems
geometric design
Seeing that the departmental standards were derived from considerations of policy, it followed that departures from the precise scope of the standards implied that policy decisions were also suspect
Seeing that the departmental standards were derived from considerations of policy, it followed that departures from the precise scope of the standards implied that policy decisions were also suspect
winds of change
The need for new roads and the maintenance of existing roads has not changed but the funding available to give effect to them has withered to some extent
The need for new roads and the maintenance of existing roads has not changed but the funding available to give effect to them has withered to some extent
budgetary restraints
The belief was that a road designed to departmental standards was safe, with the corollary that roads that didn’t match them were somehow suspect
The belief was that a road designed to departmental standards was safe, with the corollary that roads that didn’t match them were somehow suspect
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The annual increase in budgets has largely been below the inflation rate, implying a net decrease in available funding
The annual increase in budgets has largely been below the inflation rate, implying a net decrease in available funding
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