Geology: Sedimentary and Igneous Rocks

Study Notes

Sedimentary Rocks

Formed from particles of broken rock and organic materials being pressed and cemented together.
Common sediments include mud, sand, pebbles, shells, bones, leaves, and stems.
Examples of sedimentary rocks: sandstone, limestone, and gypsum.

Sandstone

A type of sedimentary rock formed by the compaction of sand particles.

Shale

Composed of fine particles of clay and mud, making it a type of sedimentary rock.

Limestone

A hard sedimentary rock primarily made of calcium carbonate or dolomite.
Commonly used as a building material and in cement production.

Igneous Rocks

Created from melted rock (lava) that cools and hardens.
The term "igneous" derives from the Latin word for "fire."

Granite

A light-colored igneous rock commonly found in the continental crust.

Quartz

A mineral that is a component of igneous rocks.
Used in the production of glass, electronic equipment, and watches.

Basalt

A dark, dense igneous rock with a fine texture, typically found in oceanic crust.

Metamorphic Rocks

Formed under heat, pressure, and chemical processes, usually occurring deep within the Earth's crust.

Slate

A fine-grained metamorphic rock characterized by its dark gray color and ability to split into sheets.

Marble

A hard metamorphic rock that originates from the alteration of limestone.

Graphite

A form of black carbon frequently used for drawing or writing.

Mineral

A solid inorganic substance composed of various elements.
Essential for plant and animal survival, as they require a mixture of minerals.

Description

Test your knowledge on sedimentary and igneous rocks. This quiz covers the formation, characteristics, and examples of these rock types, including sandstone, shale, limestone, granite, and basalt. Perfect for geology enthusiasts and students alike!