Geology Plate Boundaries Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of forces create faults in the Earth's crust?

Electromagnetic forces

Gravitational forces

Magnetic forces

Different types of tectonic forces (correct)

What is a key characteristic of a transform fault boundary?

It resembles a strike-slip fault in motion (correct)

It forms new crust material during seismic activity

It occurs only beneath the Earth's surface

It has divergent motions between adjacent plates

What did the arrangement of blocks representing divergent plate boundaries indicate?

The blocks move toward each other

The plates push against each other

There are gaps between the blocks representing movement (correct)

The blocks act independently without interaction

In the activity, what was used to simulate the interaction of lithospheric plates?

Wooden blocks of various sizes Signup and view all the answers

How do transform faults typically interact with mid-ocean ridges?

They join two segments of a mid-ocean ridge Signup and view all the answers

Which type of boundary is created between blocks 1 and 2, and blocks 3 and 4 in the activity?

Divergent boundary Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material found in the continental crust?

Granite Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sandpaper in the simulation activity?

To add friction between the blocks Signup and view all the answers

What effect does pulling the blocks apart simulate in the transform fault boundary activity?

The lateral movement of the Earth's plates Signup and view all the answers

What is the average thickness of the oceanic crust?

8 kilometers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the density relationship between oceanic and continental crust?

Oceanic crust is heavier than continental crust Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main regions into which the crust is subdivided?

Continental and Oceanic crust Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum thickness the Earth's crust can reach under mountains?

72 kilometers Signup and view all the answers

What represents the source of molten materials that creates volcanic island chains?

Mantle plume Signup and view all the answers

Why do volcanic islands get older as they move away from Hawaii?

They are no longer above the mantle plume Signup and view all the answers

What geological feature will be formed at the surface of the crust due to continuing plate movement?

Volcanic mountains Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an island volcano after it becomes extinct?

Another volcano begins to form over the hot spot Signup and view all the answers

Which of the features is expected to be the most active in a chain of volcanic islands?

The island closest to the hot spot Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to occur during the process of oceanic plate movement over a mantle plume?

Periodic volcanic eruptions Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of the Pacific plate moving over the mantle plume?

A series of aging volcanic islands Signup and view all the answers

What natural disasters is the country most susceptible to, according to the content?

Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis Signup and view all the answers

What geological feature is formed by the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Philippines?

Trenches and troughs Signup and view all the answers

Which volcanic chain was created by the descent of the West Philippine Sea oceanic lithosphere?

Volcanic chain from Taiwan to Mindoro Signup and view all the answers

What types of earthquakes are primarily induced by the constant dipping movement of slabs in the Philippines?

Frequent moderate to strong earthquakes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following volcanoes is NOT mentioned as being part of the volcanic chain formed by the downward movement of oceanic lithospheres?

Mayon Signup and view all the answers

What material is primarily used in the described activity involving continental plate convergence?

Modeling clay Signup and view all the answers

What does the experiment involving the modeling clay and blocks of wood primarily demonstrate?

Collision of continental plates Signup and view all the answers

How does the downward movement of oceanic lithospheres impact the geography of the Philippines?

Induces earthquakes and develops mountain ranges Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the strips of clay when they are pushed together from opposite ends during the experiment?

They bend and fold Signup and view all the answers

How do you compare the densities of the Earth’s crust, mantle, and core?

The mantle is less dense than the core but denser than the crust. Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is described as a soft, weak, and plastic-like layer that facilitates the movement of lithospheric plates?

Asthenosphere Signup and view all the answers

What theory did Alfred Wegener propose regarding the continents?

Continental Drift Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which observation suggests that the continents were once joined?

Shape of the continents Signup and view all the answers

Which observation was NOT instrumental in formulating the hypothesis of seafloor spreading?

Identifying the location of glacial deposits Signup and view all the answers

What process describes how the oceanic crust plunges into the Earth and is destroyed at the mantle?

Subduction Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the asthenosphere?

It behaves like a solid and liquid. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence supports the existence of the boundary between the crust and the mantle?

Seismic wave behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Faults and Plate Boundaries

Faults are fractures in the Earth's crust caused by various forces on the lithosphere.
Transform fault boundaries are similar to strike-slip faults, involving horizontal movement of adjacent rock slabs.
Transform boundaries often connect segments of mid-ocean ridges, showing major geological activity.

Transform Fault Boundaries Simulation

An experiment using blocks of wood and sandpaper demonstrates the effects of transform fault boundaries.
Blocks represent lithospheric plates, with divergent boundaries forming between them.
Movement of blocks simulates the interaction at transform faults, leading to observations of friction and displacement.

Subduction Zones and Geological Features

The Philippine Trench and East Luzon Trough are results of the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate.
Subduction leads to the formation of trenches and volcanic chains, like those from the Manila Trench to Mindoro.
Major active volcanoes in this chain include Pinatubo and Taal, resulting from descending tectonic plates.

Volcanic Activity and Tectonic Movements

The downward movement of oceanic lithospheres generates earthquakes and shapes landforms in the Philippine Archipelago.
Hot spots in the mantle create volcanic chains as tectonic plates move over stationary molten material.
Over time, as plates shift, volcanic islands become dormant, resulting in a trail of volcanic activity across the ocean floor.

Earth’s Structural Composition

Earth's layers: crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
The crust is the thin, outermost layer averaging 32 km, up to 72 km beneath mountains.
Two types of crust:
- Continental crust: 35-40 km thick, composed of less dense rocks (granite).
- Oceanic crust: 7-10 km thick, composed of denser rocks (basalt).

Key Scientific Concepts and Theories

Alfred Wegener's Continental Drift Theory posits all landmasses were once a single supercontinent, Pangaea.
Evidence for continental connections includes matching shapes of coastlines and similar fossil findings.
Earth’s tectonic activity influences geological features, including mountains, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.

Importance of Studying Earth's Layers

Understanding Earth's composition provides insights into its geological history and processes.
Identifying different layers and compositions aids in predicting natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanism.

Conclusion

The dynamic processes of tectonics and subduction play crucial roles in shaping the Earth’s landscape.
Continuous plate movements lead to the formation of various geological features and influence seismic activity.

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Description

Test your knowledge about faults and plate boundaries in geology. This quiz focuses on the similarities between strike-slip and transform faults, exploring the forces at play in the Earth's lithosphere. Get ready to simulate events related to these fascinating geological features.