Geology: Major Groups of Rocks

Study Notes

Major Groups of Rocks

Rocks are categorized into three primary groups: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
Classification is based on their formation processes.

Igneous Rocks

Formed from magma, which is a mixture of molten rock and gases.
Development occurs when molten material cools and solidifies either underground or at the Earth's surface.
Types:
- Intrusive rocks: Created from hardened magma beneath the Earth's surface.
- Extrusive rocks: Formed at the surface when magma escapes and cools.

Sedimentary Rocks

Composed of sediments, which are small solid fragments from rocks or organisms.
Created over time as these sediments accumulate, compact, and cement together.
Classified into three main categories:
- Clastic rocks: Formed from broken fragments of other rocks.
- Chemical rocks: Precipitated from solutions.
- Organic rocks: Accumulated from the remains of living organisms.

Metamorphic Rocks

Result from the transformation of existing rocks due to heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
Most commonly formed at high temperatures and deep within the Earth.
Types:
- Foliated rocks: Characterized by crystals arranged in parallel layers or bands.

Rock Cycle

Describes a continuous series of processes through which rocks change from one type to another.
Involves various forces both within the Earth and at its surface, facilitating the transformation of rocks through different geological processes.

Description

Explore the major groups of rocks, including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. This quiz will test your understanding of their formation processes, types, and classifications. Delve into how these rocks are created and transformed over time.