Geology Exam 2 Flashcards

What is crystallization?

What is the rate of cooling and the environment of formation for an extrusive igneous rock?

________ describes the range in particle sizes in a detrital sedimentary rock.

Which process will remove CO2 from the atmosphere and sequester it?

There are no sediments on the deep seafloor.

What is diagenesis?

These large crystals in metamorphic rocks are called ________.

Which of the following is not an environment of metamorphism?

Which style of metamorphism will be generated by a magma pluton?

________ metamorphism tends to occur in regions where massive amounts of sedimentary or volcanic materials accumulate.

In which geologic setting is the most widespread occurrence of hydrothermal metamorphism found?

Which tectonic boundary is associated with regional metamorphism?

________ metamorphism will occur where two blocks of rock are grinding against each other.

What is the average increase in temperature along the geothermal gradient in the upper crust?

Metamorphism ends when the rock begins to melt.

________ refers to a mineral's intensity and quality of reflected light.

What is the main difference between minerals and rocks?

Which of the following mineral identification techniques would most easily identify calcite?

Which of the following minerals is most common in crustal rocks?

What is the most common element in the continental crust?

A ________ is a solid, naturally occurring, cohesive substance composed of minerals or mineral-like materials.

Which of the following is not part of the definition of a mineral?

Graphite is a good lubricant because:

Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of a mineral?

You are attempting to identify a mineral. You determine that it does indeed have cleavage; therefore, your mineral cannot possibly be __________.

What are the two groups of feldspar minerals called?

Which of the following is a rock composed of non-mineral matter?

The advantage of bronze over copper is:

Which statement is NOT true?

Which of the following is not one of the three primary ways minerals can form?

Which of the following is the hardest known natural substance?

Ferromagnesian minerals are those that contain a great deal of ________.

Define the tenacity of a mineral.

Which property is the least reliable when identifying a mineral?

________ is the study of mineral materials.

Which two minerals define a felsic composition for an igneous rock?

What is a volatile referred to in geology?

What creates the small holes found in a vesicular texture?

________ is a felsic igneous rock with a meringue-like vesicular texture, consisting of very small holes, created by small shards of volcanic glass.

Welded tuff consists of ash surrounding large, jagged, irregularly-shaped pieces of material. What is this material and where does it come from?

Temperatures will decrease with increasing depth into the Earth.

________ is molten rock that is below the Earth's surface and retains most of its volcanic gases.

Match the igneous composition to its silica content.

Silica increases the viscosity and decreases magma temperature (which will also increase the viscosity).

Select the choice below that best describes the role of volatiles in an ascending magma.

What is the term used to describe increased temperature with depth in the Earth?

Magma is molten rock below the surface that retains its volatiles. Lava is molten rock that has reached the surface and is losing or has lost its volatiles.

Which igneous texture has visible crystals that are a few millimeters across?

Which is the intrusive igneous textures?

Which of the following minerals is not a ferromagnesian mineral?

Of the following substances, which are the common elements in igneous rocks?

Igneous rocks with an andesitic composition are found along volcanic island arcs.

Which of the following substances is not a volatile found in magma?

Match the intrusive igneous rock with its extrusive equivalent.

Which of the following methods of transportation will result in the best degree of sorting, with all the particles being roughly the same size?

Approximately 75 percent of the planet's landmasses are covered by sedimentary and sedimentary rocks.

________ describes the range in particle sizes in a detrital sedimentary rock.

Which of the following makes up the sediment that forms an organic sedimentary rock?

________ are fragments of preexisting materials that have been broken down through the processes of weathering.

Which of the following best describes the appearance and composition of a conglomerate?

What are two examples of inorganic limestone?

What is the most common sedimentary rock?

________ processes, such as evaporation or precipitation, can precipitate chemical sediments.

Folding, deformation, and metamorphism of organic material will produce ________ coal.

Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified according to grain size, whereas chemical sedimentary rocks are classified based on their dominant minerals.

Which minerals are the main constituents in most sedimentary rocks?

Which rock type can contain fossils?

Shales are well cemented because of the high number of pore spaces.

The primary basis for classifying detrital rocks is ________, whereas the primary basis for classifying chemical rocks is ________.

________ metamorphism will occur where two blocks of rock are grinding against each other.

________ is the process by which new mineral grains larger than the original mineral grains form as a result of metamorphic heat.

Metamorphism ends when the rock begins to melt.

Generally speaking, how does the chemical composition of most metamorphic rocks compare to that of the parent rock?

________ can produce intricately folded rocks.

Which of the following lists of metamorphic rocks places the rocks in order from lowest metamorphic grade to highest?

Which of the following is not an example of foliation?

What is the most important factor driving metamorphism?

What kind of temperature conditions will exist in a burial metamorphism environment?

What is foliation?

Which of the following environments would most likely produce metamorphism in fault zones?

Sedimentary rocks are always the parent rocks for metamorphic rocks.

What is the mineral name for table salt?

Conchoidal fractures are indicative of the mineral ________.

Which statement is true?

Crystallization of molten rock will produce ________ rocks.

Which kind of mineral tenacity refers to a mineral being deformed by being hammered without breaking?

The ________ are the mineral class that accounts for more than 90 percent of the Earth's crust.

What three components make up most magmas?

When magma forms, it rises up through the crust. Why does magma rise?

Which statement is correct about crystallization of magma?