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Geology: Classification of Rocks
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Geology: Classification of Rocks

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Questions and Answers

What are igneous rocks?

  • Rocks that form from melted rock (correct)
  • Rocks formed from the remains of living organisms
  • Rocks that have changed due to heat and pressure
  • Rocks that form in layers
  • What is a metamorphic rock?

    Rocks that have changed as a result of heat and pressure

    What are sedimentary rocks?

    Rocks that form when layers of sediment settle on top of one another and harden.

    Earth's crust is made of ________ example of ________ and ________

    <p>rocks, boulders, and sand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rocks can be classified by how they are ________

    <p>formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the three main types of rocks.

    <p>Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is magma?

    <p>Melted or molten rock below Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rocks formed from molten rock are called _____ rocks.

    <p>igneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'igneous' comes from the Latin word meaning _____.

    <p>fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When magma reaches Earth's surface as _____, it cools quickly and hardens into solid igneous rock in just a few _____ to _____.

    <p>lava, minutes, days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pumice is formed by air quickly cooling lava, which traps gas bubbles in this type of rock.

    <p>true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when magma cools slowly?

    <p>The slower the cooling process, the larger the crystals will be.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would you need a microscope to see an igneous rock's crystals?

    <p>It indicates that the lava cooled quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ rock forms when layers of sediment settle on top of one another and harden.

    <p>Sedimentary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up sediment?

    <p>Rocks, soil, shells, dead animal matter, and dead plant matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sedimentary rocks classified?

    <p>By the minerals found in the sediment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Examples of sedimentary rocks include:

    <p>Limestone, sandstone, shale, and mudstone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metamorphic rocks can change form completely due to ____ and ____.

    <p>heat, pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may heat and pressure cause to change?

    <p>Mineral crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical changes in the rock may form ________ types of minerals.

    <p>new</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Graphite is made entirely of _____.

    <p>carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can graphite be turned into?

    <p>Diamond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a much harder mineral on the Mohs scale?

    <p>Diamond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some minerals have ________, meaning they may break along a smooth flat surface.

    <p>cleavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hardness is how easily a mineral can be _____.

    <p>scratched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each mineral has crystals that are a particular shape called _____.

    <p>crystal shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the color left by a mineral scratched on a special plate?

    <p>streak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is luster in terms of minerals?

    <p>It is the way the surface of the mineral reflects light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The same mineral can be different in terms of _____?

    <p>color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are minerals?

    <p>Natural non-living solid crystals that make up rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification of Rocks

    • Igneous Rocks: Formed from melted rock; can be classified as either intrusive or extrusive based on cooling location and speed.
    • Metamorphic Rocks: Created under heat and pressure, resulting in physical and chemical changes in existing rocks.
    • Sedimentary Rocks: Developed through layers of sediment compacting and cementing over time.

    Types of Rocks

    • Three Main Kinds: Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic represent the primary classifications of rocks.
    • Examples of Igneous Rocks: Include granite, obsidian, gabbro, and pegmatite, with characteristic properties based on cooling processes.
    • Examples of Sedimentary Rocks: Comprise limestone, sandstone, shale, and mudstone.

    Formation Processes

    • Magma: Refers to molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface; when it surfaces as lava, it cools quickly.
    • Cooling of Lava: Rapid cooling leads to smaller crystals; slower cooling allows larger crystals to form.
    • Sediment Composition: Includes rocks, soil, shells, and organic matter, which accumulate and result in sediment formation.

    Metamorphism

    • Metamorphic Processes: Involves the transformation of existing rocks due to heat, pressure, and chemical changes.
    • Crystal Changes: Heat and pressure can alter mineral crystals, forming new mineral types.

    Mineral Characteristics

    • Cleavage: Some minerals may split along smooth surfaces; not all possess this property.
    • Hardness: Describes how easily a mineral can be scratched; measured using the Mohs scale.
    • Crystal Shape: Each mineral features a unique crystal structure.
    • Streak: The color left behind when a mineral is scratched on a plate.
    • Luster: Refers to the way a mineral's surface reflects light, affecting its appearance.

    Unique Properties

    • Graphite: Composed entirely of carbon; subjected to heat and pressure can transform into diamond, a much harder mineral.
    • Color Variability: The same mineral may appear in different colors due to impurities or other factors, affecting identification.

    Summary of Rock Lifecycle

    • Weathering and Erosion: Processes that move sediment locations, with deposition occurring layer by layer over time, held together by weight and chemical processes.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the three main types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Explore their formation processes and characteristics along with examples of each type. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of geology basics.

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