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Geology Chapter: Lithosphere and Plate Tectonics
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Geology Chapter: Lithosphere and Plate Tectonics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism driving the movement of tectonic plates?

  • Convection currents in the Earth's mantle (correct)
  • Radioactive decay in the Earth's core
  • Wind and water erosion
  • Gravitational forces between the Earth and the Moon
  • Which process is responsible for the formation of volcanic chains at subduction zones?

  • Seafloor spreading
  • Hotspots
  • Volcanic arcs (correct)
  • Continental drift
  • What is the term for the sudden release of energy as a result of plate movement at faults?

  • Seismic wave
  • Volcanic eruption
  • Fault slip
  • Earthquake (correct)
  • What is the process of mountain building that occurs when two plates collide?

    <p>Continental collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles through chemical and physical processes?

    <p>Weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the movement of continents relative to each other?

    <p>Continental drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, resulting in the creation of new oceanic crust?

    <p>Seafloor spreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sinking of dense oceanic crust into the mantle at trenches?

    <p>Subduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the collision of a volcanic arc with a continent?

    <p>Formation of a mountain range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the removal of weathered rocks through wind, water, and ice?

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lithosphere and Geological Processes

    Plate Tectonics

    • The lithosphere is broken into several large plates that float on the more fluid asthenosphere
    • These plates move relative to each other, resulting in geological processes such as:
      • Seafloor spreading: creation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges
      • Continental drift: movement of continents relative to each other
      • Subduction: sinking of dense oceanic crust into the mantle at trenches

    Volcanic Activity

    • Volcanic activity occurs at the boundaries of tectonic plates, resulting in:
      • Volcanic arcs: formation of volcanic chains at subduction zones
      • Hotspots: volcanic activity at fixed points, creating volcanic chains as the plate moves
      • Flood basalts: large-scale volcanic eruptions that cover extensive areas

    Earthquakes

    • Earthquakes occur when there is a sudden release of energy as a result of:
      • Plate movement at faults, resulting in seismic waves
      • Stresses building up at plate boundaries, causing earthquakes
      • Volcanic activity, resulting in volcanic earthquakes

    Mountain Building

    • The process of mountain building occurs when:
      • Two plates collide, resulting in the formation of mountains (e.g. Himalayas)
      • The Earth's crust is thickened and deformed, resulting in the formation of fold mountains
      • Volcanic arcs collide with continents, resulting in the formation of mountain ranges

    Weathering and Erosion

    • The lithosphere is constantly being shaped by:
      • Weathering: breakdown of rocks into smaller particles through chemical and physical processes
      • Erosion: removal of weathered rocks through wind, water, and ice

    Lithosphere and Geological Processes

    Plate Tectonics

    • Lithosphere is broken into several large plates that float on the more fluid asthenosphere
    • Plate movement results in geological processes such as seafloor spreading, continental drift, and subduction
    • Seafloor spreading creates new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges
    • Continental drift involves the movement of continents relative to each other
    • Subduction involves the sinking of dense oceanic crust into the mantle at trenches

    Volcanic Activity

    • Volcanic activity occurs at plate boundaries, resulting in volcanic arcs, hotspots, and flood basalts
    • Volcanic arcs form at subduction zones
    • Hotspots are fixed points of volcanic activity, creating volcanic chains as the plate moves
    • Flood basalts are large-scale volcanic eruptions that cover extensive areas

    Earthquakes

    • Earthquakes occur due to sudden release of energy from plate movement at faults or stresses building up at plate boundaries
    • Seismic waves are generated by plate movement at faults
    • Volcanic activity can also result in earthquakes

    Mountain Building

    • Mountain building occurs through plate collision, resulting in formation of mountains (e.g. Himalayas)
    • Thickening and deformation of the Earth's crust forms fold mountains
    • Volcanic arcs colliding with continents form mountain ranges

    Weathering and Erosion

    • Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller particles through chemical and physical processes
    • Erosion removes weathered rocks through wind, water, and ice
    • Weathering and erosion shape the lithosphere continuously

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    Description

    Learn about the lithosphere, plate tectonics, and geological processes such as seafloor spreading, continental drift, and subduction. Understand volcanic activity and its effects on the Earth's surface.

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