Questions and Answers
What is deposition?
What are sediments?
Bits and pieces of rock
What is another term for sedimentation?
Deposition
What is an erosional-depositional system?
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When does deposition in water occur?
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How does particle size affect deposition?
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How does particle shape influence deposition?
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What is the relationship between particle density and deposition?
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What does sorting refer to in sediment deposition?
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What is vertical sorting?
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Where does graded bedding occur?
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What happens to stream velocity and deposition?
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What defines horizontal sorting?
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What occurs at the mouth of a river during sedimentation?
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What is a delta?
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What are precipitates?
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What is the process of precipitation?
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What are direct glacial deposits?
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What are indirect glacial deposits?
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What is wind deposition?
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What happens in cross bedding?
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How does gravity affect deposition?
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What is dynamic equilibrium?
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What is a flood plain?
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What is a moraine?
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What is a drumlin?
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What are kettle lakes?
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What is an outwash plain?
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What is a beach?
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What are sandbars?
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What is a barrier island?
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Study Notes
Deposition and Sedimentation Concepts
- Deposition: The process of dropping materials in new locations, integral to shaping landscapes.
- Sediments: Small fragments of rock that accumulate in various environments.
- Sedimentation: Synonymous with deposition; primarily refers to sediment settling out of transport mediums.
Erosional-Depositional System
- Erosional-depositional system: Continuous cycle of removing, transporting, and depositing sediments within a region.
- Water Influence: Deposition occurs when water carrying sediments slows or ceases.
Factors Influencing Deposition
- Particle Size: Larger particles settle first while smaller particles take longer to deposit.
- Particle Shape: Round particles settle faster than oval-shaped, which settle faster than flat particles.
- Particle Density: Denser particles settle more rapidly than less dense ones.
Sorting of Sediments
- Sorting: The process wherein particles are separated during deposition.
- Vertical Sorting: Sorting occurs from bottom to top within a sediment layer.
- Graded Beds: Layers of sorted sediment, typically found in quiet water environments.
Environmental Conditions for Deposition
- Location of Graded Bedding: Forms in shallow, calm water bodies and on the sea floor.
- Stream Velocity: Decreased velocity results in increased deposition of sediments.
- Horizontal Sorting: Happens as a stream slows, depositing sediments sequentially.
River and Delta Dynamics
- Sedimentation at River Mouths: When a river meets a larger body of water, its velocity drops suddenly, causing sedimentation.
- Delta Formation: A sediment deposit at the mouth of a river, contributing to land formation.
Processes of Precipitation
- Precipitates: Crystals that form from ion solutions.
- Precipitation Process: The conversion of ions into crystallized forms.
Glacial Deposits
- Direct Glacial Deposits: Unsorted sediments left directly by melting glaciers.
- Indirect Glacial Deposits: Sediments transported by water from melting glaciers, partially sorted.
Wind and Erosion
- Wind Deposition: Sediments deposited in well-sorted, fine layers due to wind patterns.
- Cross Bedding: Layer orientation changes due to varying wind directions.
Erosion and Dynamic Equilibrium
- Gravity's Role: Causes deposition at slope bases without sorting.
- Dynamic Equilibrium: A state where erosion and deposition balance evenly.
Floodplains and Features
- Flood Plain: Areas alongside streams where sediments spread after flooding.
- Moraine: Mounds of unsorted sediments left by glaciers, indicative of glacial movement.
- Drumlin: Oval mounds formed beneath glaciers, with the steep slope showing the glacier's origin direction.
Unique Landforms and Features
- Kettle Lakes: Formed by melting ice blocks leaving depressions that fill with water.
- Outwash Plains: Sorted sediments deposited by meltwater from glaciers.
- Beach: Coastal strips of sediments accumulated due to wave action.
- Sandbars: Form parallel to shorelines where strong currents deposit sediments.
- Barrier Islands: Narrow, elongated islands formed by sand from ocean waves, protect coastlines from erosion.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key terms related to deposition and sedimentation in geology. It covers definitions and processes including sediments and erosional-depositional systems. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts in earth sciences.