Geology and Chemistry: Wegener and Rutherford
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Questions and Answers

Based on the information provided, what is the most likely reason Wegener's continental drift theory was not widely accepted during his lifetime?

  • Wegener's research focused primarily on Arctic exploration, which was considered a tangential field to geology, diminishing the credibility of his findings.
  • The prevailing scientific consensus of the time strongly favored the idea of static continents, making it difficult for Wegener's groundbreaking theory to gain traction. (correct)
  • Wegener's theory was initially presented in German, making it inaccessible to the vast majority of international scientists.
  • Wegener lacked the formal training in geology to be considered a credible expert in the field.

What is the primary reason Rutherford was surprised to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry?

  • He found the committee's selection of his research to be arbitrary.
  • He had not yet published his most significant findings on atomic structure.
  • He believed his work on radioactivity belonged primarily to physics. (correct)
  • He had not anticipated winning such a prestigious award.

Which of Wegener's accomplishments demonstrates the use of innovative technology for scientific research?

  • His publication of *The Origin of Continents and Oceans* in 1915.
  • His discovery of fossil evidence supporting continental drift in 1911.
  • His extensive expeditions to Greenland, culminating in the establishment of the first meteorological station there.
  • His pioneering use of weather balloons to study air movement. (correct)

Which of the following correctly describes the order in which Rutherford made his major discoveries, starting with the earliest?

<p>Alpha and beta radiation, the Rutherford model of the atom, the proton, nuclear fission. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely reason Wegener's academic career was interrupted during World War I?

<p>Wegener was drafted into the German army, forcing him to suspend his academic activities to serve his country. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely reason why Rutherford's research at McGill University ultimately earned him a Nobel Prize?

<p>His work on radioactivity provided a foundation for future research in nuclear physics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the significance of Wegener's The Origin of Continents and Oceans?

<p>This book provided visual representations of continental drift, making the theory more accessible and engaging for the wider scientific community. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most logical conclusion we can draw about Wegener's personality based on the provided information?

<p>Wegener was a highly driven and determined individual who pursued his scientific interests despite numerous challenges and setbacks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects Rutherford's views about the atom's nature, based on his famous quote?

<p>The atom is a fundamental building block of matter, but there are still mysteries surrounding its true nature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the nature of the experiment with nitrogen atoms that led to the discovery of the proton?

<p>The experiment involved directing a stream of alpha particles at a target containing nitrogen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alpha Radiation

A type of radiation consisting of positively charged particles emitted by certain elements.

Beta Radiation

A type of radiation made of electrons or positrons emitted by unstable nuclei.

Rutherford Model

The atomic model proposing that electrons orbit a central nucleus.

Proton Discovery

The identification of the proton as a constituent of the atomic nucleus by Rutherford in 1919.

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First Transmutation

The first successful transformation of one element into another achieved by Rutherford's team.

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Alfred Wegener

Meteorologist who proposed continental drift theory.

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Continental Drift

Theory suggesting continents were once connected and drifted apart.

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Fossil Evidence

Fossil discoveries showed ancient connections between continents.

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The Origin of Continents and Oceans

Wegener's influential book detailing his continental drift ideas.

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Meteorological Advances

Wegener pioneered the use of weather balloons for studying air.

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Study Notes

Ernest Rutherford

  •  Born into a farming family in New Zealand
  •  Won an overseas scholarship and earned three science degrees
  •  Studied under J.J. Thomson, who recognized his great potential and recommended him for a professorship in physics at McGill University.
  •  Accepted the offer at only 27 years of age.
  •  Researched radioactivity extensively at McGill University
  •  Identified alpha and beta radiation
  •  Discovered that alpha radiation made up of positively charged particles.
  •  Proposes the "Rutherford model" of the atom in 1911, stating that electrons orbit a tiny nucleus, a discovery that transformed our understanding of the atom.
  • Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908, showing great surprise at being heralded as a chemist
  •  Said "I have broken the machine and touched the ghost of matter" in 1917

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts and historical contributions of Alfred Wegener and Ernest Rutherford in geology and chemistry. Answer questions about their theories, significant discoveries, and the challenges they faced during their careers. Delve into the impact of their work on modern science.

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