Geology and Astronomy Overview

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Questions and Answers

What can split rocks by freezing water?

Glaciers (correct)

Living plants

Salts

Wind

What causes physical weathering due to temperature change?

Glaciers

Living plants

Water and ice (correct)

Wind

What carries fine particles of rock that can erode the rock surface?

Water (correct)

Salts

Plants

Ice

What is like frozen rivers of ice that move along valleys very slowly?

Glaciers Signup and view all the answers

What causes physical weathering due to crystallization in rocks?

Salts Signup and view all the answers

What did Alfred Wegener propose in his theory of Continental Drift?

Pangaea split into Laurasia and Gondwana. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his theory of Continental Drift?

Fitting of continents like a jigsaw puzzle and presence of fossils on distant continents. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the movement of tectonic plates?

Convection currents in the mantle and ridge push and slab pull. Signup and view all the answers

What are the differences between oceanic crust and continental crust?

Oceanic crust is denser, thinner, and contains heavier elements, while continental crust is less dense, thicker, and contains lighter elements. Signup and view all the answers

How many known minerals are there in the Earth's crust?

3500 known minerals Signup and view all the answers

What are some physical properties used for mineral identification?

Color, luster, streak, hardness Signup and view all the answers

Who created the Mohs scale of hardness?

Friedrich Mohs Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between cleavage and fracture in minerals?

Cleavage is along crystallographic structural planes, while fracture is a random pattern break Signup and view all the answers

How do metamorphic rocks form?

From heat and pressure, changing the minerals and textures without melting Signup and view all the answers

How do volcanoes form?

When magma from the mantle rises and erupts as lava on the Earth's surface Signup and view all the answers

How do igneous rocks form?

From solidified magma or lava, with interlocking crystals Signup and view all the answers

How are rocks classified?

Based on formation, texture, color, and minerals they contain Signup and view all the answers

How do sedimentary rocks form?

From weathered sediment Signup and view all the answers

What does the rock cycle describe?

How rocks are recycled over millions of years Signup and view all the answers

What do fossils provide a record of?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Geology and Astronomy Overview

Crystals' shapes are determined by factors like surface size and angles between faces, named after their geometry.
Cleavage is the way a mineral breaks along crystallographic structural planes, while fracture is a random pattern break.
Metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure, changing the minerals and textures without melting.
There are two types of metamorphic rocks: foliated and nonfoliated.
Volcanoes form when magma from the mantle rises and erupts as lava on the Earth's surface.
Igneous rocks form from solidified magma or lava, with interlocking crystals.
Rocks are classified based on formation, texture, color, and minerals they contain.
Sedimentary rocks form from weathered sediment, while metamorphic rocks are formed from stressed and 'cooked' rocks.
The rock cycle describes how rocks are recycled over millions of years.
Fossils provide a record of past life, with older fossils found in lower rock layers.
Stars are born from huge clouds of gas, with stages from protostars to black dwarfs.
Supernovas are the largest and most powerful explosions in the universe, forming black holes with immense gravity.

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Description

Test your knowledge of geology and astronomy with this overview quiz covering the formation of rocks, the rock cycle, types of rocks, and processes like volcanic eruptions. Learn about the birth and life cycle of stars, as well as powerful cosmic phenomena like supernovas.