Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the relationship between the crust and lithosphere?
What is the relationship between the crust and lithosphere?
The crust is part of the lithosphere.
Which geologic features are associated with divergent boundaries?
Which geologic features are associated with divergent boundaries?
Mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys.
Which geologic features are associated with convergent boundaries?
Which geologic features are associated with convergent boundaries?
Ocean trenches and volcanoes.
Where is the youngest ocean floor found?
Where is the youngest ocean floor found?
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What would happen to Earth if ocean floor were created at divergent boundaries at a faster rate than it is destroyed at convergent boundaries?
What would happen to Earth if ocean floor were created at divergent boundaries at a faster rate than it is destroyed at convergent boundaries?
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What is a volcanic arc?
What is a volcanic arc?
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Name mountain ranges that are an example of continental arcs.
Name mountain ranges that are an example of continental arcs.
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What is a seamount?
What is a seamount?
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What is a tablemount?
What is a tablemount?
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Where do coral reefs exist with sea mounts?
Where do coral reefs exist with sea mounts?
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What is the relationship between coral reefs and seamounts?
What is the relationship between coral reefs and seamounts?
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Why do coral reefs at the ocean surface grow away from seamounts over time?
Why do coral reefs at the ocean surface grow away from seamounts over time?
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What is the difference between a barrier reef and an atoll?
What is the difference between a barrier reef and an atoll?
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Which is the correct order of coral reef development near seamounts?
Which is the correct order of coral reef development near seamounts?
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How is ocean depth calculated by sonar?
How is ocean depth calculated by sonar?
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What type of ocean exploration technique is the best for determining potential oil and gas reservoirs?
What type of ocean exploration technique is the best for determining potential oil and gas reservoirs?
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What do slight variations recorded by satellites on the sea surface represent?
What do slight variations recorded by satellites on the sea surface represent?
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The Atlantic is a _______ margin.
The Atlantic is a _______ margin.
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The Pacific is an ______ margin.
The Pacific is an ______ margin.
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Continental shelf represents?
Continental shelf represents?
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Turbidity currents travel from the shelf through __________, creating deep sea fans.
Turbidity currents travel from the shelf through __________, creating deep sea fans.
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If the subduction angle is steep, the overriding plate may undergo __________.
If the subduction angle is steep, the overriding plate may undergo __________.
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Which of the world's oceans accounts for over half of the surface area of the planet?
Which of the world's oceans accounts for over half of the surface area of the planet?
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What feature(s) are measured when studying the bathymetry of the ocean?
What feature(s) are measured when studying the bathymetry of the ocean?
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What is the main reason for the elevated position of the oceanic ridge system?
What is the main reason for the elevated position of the oceanic ridge system?
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What is the Water Hemisphere?
What is the Water Hemisphere?
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What is the Land Hemisphere?
What is the Land Hemisphere?
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Study Notes
Crust and Lithosphere
- The crust constitutes a part of the lithosphere, which is the outermost layer of the Earth.
Divergent Boundaries
- Geologic features linked to divergent boundaries include mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys.
Convergent Boundaries
- Convergent boundaries are characterized by features such as ocean trenches and volcanoes.
Youngest Ocean Floor
- The youngest ocean floor is located along the crest of mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed.
Ocean Floor Creation Rate
- If ocean floor creation at divergent boundaries surpasses destruction at convergent boundaries, Earth's volume would increase.
Volcanic Arcs
- A volcanic arc is formed by a series of volcanoes situated on the overriding plate near a subduction zone.
Continental Arcs
- The Andes and Cascades mountain ranges exemplify continental arcs formed at convergent boundaries.
Seamounts
- A seamount is defined as an active volcano found on a mid-ocean ridge crest.
Tablemounts
- A tablemount is a seamount that has risen above sea level, been eroded by waves, and has become inactive.
Coral Reefs and Seamounts
- Coral reefs exist in tropical latitudes and typically grow away from seamounts as they subside over time.
Growth of Coral Reefs
- Coral reefs migrate away from seamounts to remain near sunlight, as seamounts are subject to subsidence.
Barrier Reefs vs. Atolls
- Barrier reefs encircle inactive volcanoes that have emerged above sea level, while atolls surround the former location of submerged volcanoes.
Coral Reef Development Order
- Coral reef development in proximity to seamounts progresses from fringing reefs to barrier reefs and finally to atolls.
Ocean Depth Measurement
- Sonar calculates ocean depth by measuring the time taken for sound waves to travel to the seafloor and back.
Ocean Exploration Techniques
- Seismic reflection surveys are the most effective technique for identifying potential oil and gas reservoirs beneath the ocean.
Sea Surface Variations
- Satellites detect slight variations in sea surface height using radar, which indicate underlying seafloor features.
Ocean Margins
- The Atlantic Ocean is classified as a passive margin, while the Pacific Ocean is recognized as an active margin.
Continental Shelf
- The continental shelf refers to the submerged portions of continents which extend into the ocean.
Turbidity Currents
- Turbidity currents flow from the continental shelf through canyons, forming deep-sea fans.
Subduction Erosion
- A steep subduction angle can lead to the phenomenon of subduction erosion affecting the overriding plate.
Oceanic Coverage
- The Pacific Ocean covers over half of the Earth's surface area, making it the largest ocean.
Bathymetry Studies
- Bathymetry measures ocean depths and the topographical features of the seafloor.
Oceanic Ridge Elevation
- The oceanic ridge system is elevated mainly due to the presence of new, hot basalt which is lighter than the surrounding ocean basin.
Hemispheric Definitions
- The Water Hemisphere is primarily in the Southern Hemisphere, while the Land Hemisphere is situated in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts in geology with these flashcards from Chapter 13 of Geology 1401. Explore the relationship between the crust and lithosphere, as well as the features associated with divergent and convergent boundaries. Perfect for review and exam preparation.
