Geology 135: Formation of Earth
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Questions and Answers

What is a major characteristic of planets with large rock/ice cores?

  • Abundant free oxygen
  • High temperature atmospheres
  • Less massive gas envelopes (correct)
  • No presence of water

What was the primary component of Earth's early atmosphere during the Hadean?

  • Nitrogen
  • Methane
  • Free oxygen
  • Carbon dioxide (correct)

What significant event marks the end of the Hadean era?

  • Dramatic increase in impact rates
  • Widespread presence of life on Venus
  • Initial molten silicate surface
  • Stable liquid water ocean on Earth (correct)

What process follows condensation in the formation of terrestrial planets?

<p>Accretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do terrestrial planets lack gas envelopes?

<p>High temperatures in gas make it unstable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event led to the formation of the moon during the Hadean era?

<p>Collision of Earth with a Mars-sized protoplanet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is essential for the formation of giant planets?

<p>Hydrogen accretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of the Hadean era?

<p>Formation of the Earth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant effect of the giant impact hypothesis?

<p>Creation of the Earth's rapid spin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes the Moon unique compared to other satellites in the solar system?

<p>It is remarkably heavy for a satellite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is described as 'Fe core fm.' approximately 100 million years after accretion?

<p>Formation of Earth's iron core (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major reason for the Moon's low density compared to other inner solar system bodies?

<p>It has an iron-poor surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first suggested that the solar system formed from a collapsing cloud of gas?

<p>Immanuel Kant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Moon contribute to the Earth's climate stability?

<p>By stabilizing Earth's obliquity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compounds can form at temperatures below 2000°K in the nebular condensation sequence?

<p>Silicates and nickel-iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the sources of heat during Earth's formation?

<p>Radioactive decay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which planet has a retrograde spin axis at 177.4° to the orbital plane?

<p>Venus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main composition of terrestrial planets like Mercury and Mars?

<p>Silicates and metals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Solar Nebula Theory, what initiates the birth of the Sun?

<p>Hydrogen fusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Moon considered an important factor for our existence?

<p>It regulates Earth's climate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which planets are described as having large rock and ice cores with massive gas envelopes?

<p>Jupiter and Saturn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did gravity have on the interstellar cloud in the Solar Nebula Theory?

<p>It concentrated more mass at the center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate temperature required for hydrogen fusion to start?

<p>A very high temperature (not numerically specified) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who revised the nebular hypothesis in the mid-20th century?

<p>Weizäcker &amp; Kuiper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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