Geology 135: Formation of Earth
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Questions and Answers

What is a major characteristic of planets with large rock/ice cores?

  • Abundant free oxygen
  • High temperature atmospheres
  • Less massive gas envelopes (correct)
  • No presence of water
  • What was the primary component of Earth's early atmosphere during the Hadean?

  • Nitrogen
  • Methane
  • Free oxygen
  • Carbon dioxide (correct)
  • What significant event marks the end of the Hadean era?

  • Dramatic increase in impact rates
  • Widespread presence of life on Venus
  • Initial molten silicate surface
  • Stable liquid water ocean on Earth (correct)
  • What process follows condensation in the formation of terrestrial planets?

    <p>Accretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do terrestrial planets lack gas envelopes?

    <p>High temperatures in gas make it unstable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to the formation of the moon during the Hadean era?

    <p>Collision of Earth with a Mars-sized protoplanet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is essential for the formation of giant planets?

    <p>Hydrogen accretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marked the beginning of the Hadean era?

    <p>Formation of the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant effect of the giant impact hypothesis?

    <p>Creation of the Earth's rapid spin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes the Moon unique compared to other satellites in the solar system?

    <p>It is remarkably heavy for a satellite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is described as 'Fe core fm.' approximately 100 million years after accretion?

    <p>Formation of Earth's iron core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major reason for the Moon's low density compared to other inner solar system bodies?

    <p>It has an iron-poor surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first suggested that the solar system formed from a collapsing cloud of gas?

    <p>Immanuel Kant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Moon contribute to the Earth's climate stability?

    <p>By stabilizing Earth's obliquity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds can form at temperatures below 2000°K in the nebular condensation sequence?

    <p>Silicates and nickel-iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the sources of heat during Earth's formation?

    <p>Radioactive decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which planet has a retrograde spin axis at 177.4° to the orbital plane?

    <p>Venus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main composition of terrestrial planets like Mercury and Mars?

    <p>Silicates and metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Solar Nebula Theory, what initiates the birth of the Sun?

    <p>Hydrogen fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Moon considered an important factor for our existence?

    <p>It regulates Earth's climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which planets are described as having large rock and ice cores with massive gas envelopes?

    <p>Jupiter and Saturn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did gravity have on the interstellar cloud in the Solar Nebula Theory?

    <p>It concentrated more mass at the center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate temperature required for hydrogen fusion to start?

    <p>A very high temperature (not numerically specified)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who revised the nebular hypothesis in the mid-20th century?

    <p>Weizäcker &amp; Kuiper</p> Signup and view all the answers

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