Geological Records and the Tree of Life Quiz

<p>11,000,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The colonial hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From endosymbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature changes and volcanic eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooperation between single-celled organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three domains and millions of species</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heredity, evolution, growth and development, reproduction, regulation and homeostasis, energy and metabolism, and cellular organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>700,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emergence of prokaryotes, the increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, endosymbiosis, sexual reproduction, and colonization of land</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.5 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Layered rocks formed by photosynthetic prokaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificial synthesis of organic matter under early Earth conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From monomers with the presence of thermal energy and catalysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane-bound structures exhibiting properties of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolutionary relationships between organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relative age in sedimentary rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotope composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species with specific ecological requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biases and discontinuities in understanding evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appearance of many animal phyla</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its diverse array of fossilized animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meteorite impacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New adaptive radiations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolution of bilateral symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biozones in geological strata</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 7 properties of life are order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. An example of an organism for each property could be a cell for order, a Venus flytrap for response to the environment, a bacterium for reproduction, a human for growth and development, a bird for regulation, a fish for homeostasis, and a plant for energy processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules have advantages for the emergence of life as they can store genetic information, self-replicate, and catalyze chemical reactions, making them crucial for early life processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Burgess Shale has contributed to our understanding of the evolution of animals by providing exceptionally preserved fossils of soft-bodied organisms from the Cambrian period, offering insights into the early diversification of animal life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass extinction is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth. An example of mass extinction is the Permian-Triassic extinction event, which led to the loss of approximately 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>over 11,750,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>around 1,410,500</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>11,000,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the evolution of multicellularity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>events when a large number of species become extinct, leading to significant ecological changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>96%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>emergence of prokaryotes, increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, endosymbiosis, sexual reproduction, colonization of land</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biostratigraphy helps determine relative age in sedimentary rocks, while radiometric dating determines absolute age in magmatic rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Cambrian explosion was characterized by the evolution of bilateral symmetry, the development of nervous systems, and the emergence of many new species to fill different ecological roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass extinctions lead to dramatic ecological events followed by new adaptive radiations and the emergence of new families and genera.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geological and fossil records provide information on the relative and absolute age of fossils, informing us about the evolutionary history of organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Burgess Shale contains sediments with a diverse array of fossilized animals, representing different lifestyles such as benthic, endobenthic, and nektonic, aiding in understanding the Cambrian explosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fossil record is often incomplete due to destruction or undiscovery of fossils, leading to biases and discontinuities that reflect geological, ecological, and evolutionary events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiometric dating uses changes in isotope composition in organisms transitioning into fossils and in magmatic rocks, with known half-lives for different isotopes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fossil record is often incomplete due to destruction or undiscovery of fossils, leading to biases and discontinuities that reflect geological, ecological, and evolutionary events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species with specific ecological requirements and short geological lifespans serve as biomarkers for dating sedimentary rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Cambrian explosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Faunal succession identifies specific vertical sequences of fossilized flora and fauna, aiding in the identification of biozones in geological strata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tree topology is constantly evolving and being refined with new data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) differentiate based on characteristics such as cell structure and biochemistry. Example organisms include Escherichia coli for Bacteria, Methanobrevibacter smithii for Archaea, and Homo sapiens for Eukarya.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endosymbiosis involves a prokaryote engulfing a small cell, leading to the development of mitochondria and chloroplasts within eukaryotic cells. This process contributed to the evolution of eukaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multicellularity evolved through cooperation between single-celled organisms, leading to specialization and division of labor among cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The properties of life include heredity, evolution, growth and development, reproduction, regulation and homeostasis, energy and metabolism, and cellular organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stromatolites, formed by photosynthetic prokaryotes, provide evidence of the earliest life on Earth, dating back 3.5 billion years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life on Earth utilizes carbon as a major component of biological molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The origin of life on Earth involved the abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules, their polymerization into macromolecules, and the packaging of these molecules into protocells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stanley Miller's experiment demonstrated the artificial synthesis of organic matter under early Earth conditions, leading to the production of amino acids and hydrocarbons, providing insights into the potential origins of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macromolecules can form spontaneously from monomers with the presence of thermal energy and catalysts, as indicated in the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protocells, with membrane-bound structures, exhibited properties of life such as reproduction, growth, regulation, and response to the environment, contributing to the emergence of life from abiotic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tree of life illustrates the evolutionary relationships and diversification of organisms, providing insights into the evolutionary history and relatedness of different species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first evidence of life on Earth dates back 3.5 billion years ago, with the discovery of fossilized stromatolites, providing crucial evidence of early life forms on the planet.</p> Signup and view all the answers