Geological Hazards Unit 6
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary service provided by companies like MIRECO to prevent mine subsidence?

  • Mining exploration
  • Ground reinforcement work (correct)
  • Mining equipment manufacturing
  • Environmental impact assessments

What type of sinkholes are likely to develop in areas with significant clay content in sediments?

  • Entrapment sinkholes
  • Cover-collapse sinkholes (correct)
  • Erosion sinkholes
  • Cover-subsidence sinkholes

Which of the following are effects of a five-day torrential rain in mountainous areas?

  • Flooding and landslides (correct)
  • Higher temperatures
  • Increased air pressure
  • Stronger earthquake occurrences

Which of the following is commonly associated with human-induced sinkholes?

<p>Groundwater pumping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which ground subsidence occurs in organic soils?

<p>Dewatering or overdraining (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does heavy rainfall directly contribute to landslides?

<p>By saturating soil and reducing its stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is primarily responsible for informing the public about potential hazards from heavy rainfall?

<p>Government authorities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can thawing permafrost affect the ground above it?

<p>It causes ground shrinkage and affects installations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of climate change on ground subsidence?

<p>Erosion of solid materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the Cherry Hills Subdivision landslide in 1999?

<p>The destruction of residential properties and loss of life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a landslide according to the USGS?

<p>The downslope movement of soil, rock, and organic materials due to gravity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape does the surface of an area with developed sinkholes typically take over time?

<p>Bowl-shaped depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the compaction of soil, making it susceptible to subsidence?

<p>Natural or man-induced processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT a service provided by companies engaged in mine subsidence prevention?

<p>Mining extraction enhancement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a long-term impact of landslides on communities?

<p>Displacement of people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is least likely to contribute to sinkhole formation?

<p>Natural sediment deposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an aquifer?

<p>An underground layer of water-bearing rock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an asteroid?

<p>A rocky object that orbits the sun and is concentrated in the asteroid belt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of coastal erosion?

<p>Wave action and tidal currents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the area where fragments of celestial bodies are located in orbit around the sun?

<p>Asteroid belt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bolide is characterized as relatively larger and can cause significant impact effects?

<p>Superbolide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is described as a mass of materials rapidly moving down a slope?

<p>Avalanche (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of geological processes, what are the impacts of volcanisms and impacts discussed in the research by Saunders and White?

<p>They lead to mass extinctions and significant changes in the environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect can a bolide impact have on the Earth's surface?

<p>Formation of craters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can bolide impacts potentially affect the environment?

<p>Triggering global mass extinctions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for celestial bodies that may enter the inner solar system and pose a risk to Earth?

<p>Mars-crossers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the bolides entering the atmosphere per day remains unobserved due to daytime visibility issues?

<p>75% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential dangers associated with a bolide impact?

<p>Destruction of human properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine the impact effects of a bolide upon entering Earth’s atmosphere?

<p>Size, composition, and density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a man-induced cause of ground subsidence?

<p>Earthquake activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological features are typically found in karst terrains?

<p>Limestone and gypsum hills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process through which dissolution sinkholes form?

<p>Dissolving of limestone or dolomite by water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sinkhole develops in areas with permeable sand covering sediments?

<p>Cover-subsidence sinkholes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sinkholes typically form in karst terrains?

<p>Dissolution of rock by acidic groundwater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the underground erosion leading to sinkhole development?

<p>Circulation of acidic water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is involved in the formation of cover-subsidence sinkholes?

<p>Sand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to limestone rocks in karst terrains over time due to groundwater?

<p>They get dissolved, creating caverns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major factor contributing to coastal erosion?

<p>Rising sea level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do human activities exacerbate coastal erosion?

<p>Through harmful sand extraction practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes bolides?

<p>Bolides are space bodies that can trigger significant geological changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a potential technological solution for asteroid impacts?

<p>Reducing asteroid size or changing its trajectory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors influences coastal erosion?

<p>Wind patterns and temperature changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a bolide impact on a landing area?

<p>Triggering volcanic eruptions and geological hazards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does proper sewage systems play in coastal management?

<p>It ensures sustainable development in coastal areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are near-earth objects (NEOs) primarily associated with?

<p>The asteroid belt and comets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cover-subsidence sinkholes

Sinkholes that develop in areas with clay-rich sediments, often remaining undetected for longer periods.

Cover-collapse sinkholes

Sinkholes that contain significant clay and develop abruptly, causing potential major damage.

Human-induced sinkholes

Sinkholes linked to human activities, such as groundwater pumping, construction, and land development.

Ground subsidence

The sinking or settling of the ground, caused by natural processes or human activities.

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Dewatering/Overdraining organic soils

A process that causes organic soil and peat to shrink, leading to ground subsidence.

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Compaction of Soil

Reduces soil air spaces, making it less stable and more prone to subsidence.

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Subterranean Mining

Mining activities that displace materials underground, potentially causing ground subsidence.

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Thawing Permafrost

Thawing permafrost shrinks the land, affecting surface structures.

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Ground Subsidence (Man-Induced)

Ground sinking caused by human activities like excessive groundwater withdrawal, mining, and underground construction.

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Sinkhole Formation

A type of ground subsidence where the land collapses due to underground cavities formed by dissolving rock (like limestone).

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Karst Terrain

Areas with rocks (limestone, dolomite, gypsum) that are easily dissolved by water, often forming sinkholes.

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Dissolution Sinkhole

Sinkhole formed by the dissolving of rocks, often limestone, by water, typically starting at the rock's surface.

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Underground Erosion

The process of wearing away of underground rock by water or other natural forces forming underground cavities.

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Conduit System

Underground channels or pathways formed by water penetrating through the rock, leading to the formation of caves and potentially sinkholes.

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Hydro-Compaction

Type of ground subsidence caused by the compression of loosely deposited sediment due to the presence and removal of water.

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Mine Subsidence

The collapse of an underground mine roof, causing the ground above to sink.

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Subsidence Risk Assessment

Evaluating the likelihood of ground sinking due to mine activity.

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Landslide

Downslope movement of soil, rock, and organic material due to gravity.

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Landslide Causes (Heavy Rainfall)

Heavy rain saturates soil, reducing its strength and making it more prone to landslides.

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Landslide Warning System

Systems to alert the public of potential landslides.

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Landslide Effects

Damage to people, property, and the environment from a landslide.

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Mine Subsidence Services

Preventive measures taken to mitigate risks and effects of mine subsidence.

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Types of Landslides

Landslides are categorized according to the nature of materials involved and movement involved.

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Aquifer

Porous and permeable rock that holds water.

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Asteroid

Rocky and metallic objects orbiting the sun, too small to be planets, mainly in the asteroid belt.

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Avalanche

A mass of materials rapidly moving down a slope.

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Coastal erosion

Removal of coastal material by waves, tides, or human activities; results in coastline retreat.

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Asteroid belt

Region between Mars and Jupiter containing most asteroids.

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Near-Earth Object (NEO)

Celestial bodies that come close to Earth's orbit.

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Bolide

Any celestial body entering Earth's atmosphere, creating a bright fireball.

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Superbolide

A large bolide, potentially causing a significant impact.

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Bolide Impact

The effect of a space rock colliding with Earth's surface.

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Crater Formation

A large hole or depression created by a bolide impact.

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Global Mass Extinction

Widespread extinction of many species at once, often linked to environmental catastrophes.

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Bolide Detection

The process of finding asteroids and comets that might hit Earth.

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Coastal Erosion Factors

Rising sea levels, coastal erosion, global warming, rock types (lithology), and bioerosion are factors affecting coastlines.

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Human Impacts on Coasts

Human activities like sand extraction and tourism development damage coastal areas and ecosystems.

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Bolide Impact Factors

Bolide impacts depend on the bolide's characteristics (size, speed, composition) and the impact area.

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Global Bolide Impact

A large bolide impact can trigger severe changes to Earth's atmosphere and environment.

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Bolide Hazard Mitigation

Strategies to reduce bolide risks, like altering the size or path of an asteroid.

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Sustainable Development in Coastal Areas

Sustainable development includes proper sewage systems and renewable energy for coastal areas.

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Study Notes

  • This unit covers various geological hazards, including ground subsidence, rainfall-induced landslides, coastal erosion, and bolide impacts.
  • The Philippines, as an archipelagic nation, is susceptible to these hazards due to its topography and location.
  • Coastal erosion is a hazard caused by wave action, tidal currents, and human activity.
  • Rainfall-induced landslides are a significant concern, particularly in mountainous regions.
  • Ground subsidence can result from natural or human causes, such as groundwater extraction, which can lead to sinkholes.
  • Bolide impacts refer to the effects of space objects impacting the Earth.

Essential Questions

  • What are the potential causes of geological hazards?
  • How do different geological hazards impact human lives?
  • What are the signs of impending geological hazards?
  • How are geological maps interpreted?
  • How do mitigation strategies help prevent the loss of life and property?

Learning Targets

  • Students will learn to discuss various geological hazards, analyze their causes, identify signs of impending hazards, interpret geological maps, and implement mitigation strategies.

Other Geological Hazards

  • A table is included to organize the categories of natural and human-influenced geological hazards into bolide impacts, ground subsidence, coastal erosion, and landslides.

Lesson 1: Ground Subsidence

  • This lesson focuses on the downward movement of the Earth's crust.
  • Sinkholes, a type of ground subsidence, can result from a variety of factors.
  • Sinkholes present a particular risk concerning infrastructure, such as buildings and roads.
  • This lesson goes through examples and ways this is addressed.

Lesson 2: Rainfall-Induced Landslides

  • The potential effects of heavy rainfall on mountainous areas are discussed.
  • The factors that contribute to this are extensively analyzed, including the impacts on the environment, people, and property.
  • Several famous instances in the Philippines are mentioned highlighting the significance of the matter.

Lesson 3: Coastal Erosion

  • How sea-level rise influences the natural coastline.
  • Natural and human-made factors which contribute to the phenomenon of coastal erosion.
  • Ways to mitigate or solve this problem are provided.

Lesson 4: Bolide Impact

  • Discusses the potential effects of space objects hitting the Earth.
  • The incident in Chelyabinsk, Russia, in 2013 is highlighted.
  • Technologies for detecting such events are explored.

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Related Documents

DRRR-Unit-6-Other-Related-Geological-Hazards PDF

Description

This quiz explores Unit 6, focusing on various geological hazards such as ground subsidence, rainfall-induced landslides, coastal erosion, and bolide impacts. Understand how these hazards affect the Philippines and learn to interpret geological maps while discussing the signs and mitigation strategies for these events.

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