Geological Hazard Questions Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What type of rocks are products of sedimentary processes?

Igneous rocks

Metamorphic rocks

Crystalline rocks

Derivatives rocks (correct)

What principle states that current geologic processes are the same as those in the past?

Principle of Uniformitarianism (correct)

Principle of Original Horizontality

Principle of Faunal Succession

Principle of Superposition

How do geologists correlate rock layers?

By classifying the rock layers based on hardness and texture

By analyzing the distance between the layers

By measuring the thickness of each layer

By studying the fossils found in the layers (correct)

What is an index fossil also known as?

Guide fossil Signup and view all the answers

What type of rock can regolith and soil be derived from?

Igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock Signup and view all the answers

How is physical correlation in geology accomplished?

By using criteria such as color, texture, and types of minerals Signup and view all the answers

What does relative dating provide in terms of the age of artifacts and sites?

It tells how old artifacts and sites are in comparison to other artifacts and sites Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of geological processes?

Plate tectonics, volcanic eruptions, and landslides Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a geologic hazard?

An extreme natural event in the crust of the earth that poses a threat to life and property Signup and view all the answers

Which hazard is described as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope?

Landslide Signup and view all the answers

What causes tsunamis?

Volcanic eruptions under the sea Signup and view all the answers

What does tephra consist of?

Pyroclastic fragments of any size and origin Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a tropical cyclone?

A wind system circulating around a low pressure area Signup and view all the answers

Which hydrometeorological hazard is characterized by a narrow violently rotating column of air extending from rain clouds to the ground?

Tropical cyclone Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing factor between storm surge and tsunami?

Storm surge is caused by winds directed towards the shore, while a tsunami is caused by an underwater earthquake Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sedimentary Rocks

Products of sedimentary processes include sandstone, limestone, and shale.
Formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediment over time.

Geologic Principles

The principle of uniformitarianism states that current geological processes are consistent with those in the past.

Rock Layer Correlation

Geologists correlate rock layers using physical and chronological characteristics, such as rock type, fossil content, and stratigraphy.
Physical correlation can be accomplished by matching rock layers at different locations based on their physical features.

Index Fossils

An index fossil, also known as a guide fossil, is used to identify and date the strata in which it is found.

Regolith and Soil Origin

Regolith and soil can be derived from the weathering of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.

Relative Dating

Relative dating provides a sequence of events, helping determine the age of artifacts and sites in relation to one another but does not provide exact ages.

Geological Processes

Examples of geological processes include volcanic eruptions, erosion, sedimentation, and plate tectonics.

Geologic Hazards

A geologic hazard is a natural geological process that poses a risk to people and property, such as earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis.

Mass Movement Hazard

The movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope is known as a landslide.

Tsunami Causes

Tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides, displacing large volumes of water.

Tephra Composition

Tephra consists of volcanic ash, pumice, and other volcanic debris ejected during an eruption.

Tropical Cyclone Definition

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center and strong winds, typically forming over warm ocean waters.

Hydrometeorological Hazard

A tornado is characterized as a narrow, violently rotating column of air extending from thunderstorms to the ground.

Storm Surge vs. Tsunami

The distinguishing factor is that storm surge is caused by strong winds from storms pushing water toward the shore, while a tsunami is a series of ocean waves triggered by large disturbances underwater.

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Description

Test your knowledge about geologic hazards, earthquakes, and the hazards caused by earthquakes such as ground shaking, tsunamis, and landslides. Learn about the extreme natural events in the earth's crust that pose threats to life and property.