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Questions and Answers
What is the gradient of the continental slope?
What is the gradient of the continental slope?
- 2-5 degree (correct)
- 5-10 degree
- 1-2 degree
- 0-1 degree
Which description fits 'low islands consisting of coral reefs surrounding a central depression'?
Which description fits 'low islands consisting of coral reefs surrounding a central depression'?
- atoll (correct)
- oceanic deep / trench
- mid-oceanic ridge
- seamount
What term describes 'deep valleys often cutting across continental shelves and slopes'?
What term describes 'deep valleys often cutting across continental shelves and slopes'?
- submarine canyon (correct)
- mid-oceanic ridge
- oceanic deep / trench
- guyot
Equal density curves are known as?
Equal density curves are known as?
What do equal salinity curves represent?
What do equal salinity curves represent?
Which of these is considered a significant feature of the ocean floor?
Which of these is considered a significant feature of the ocean floor?
Which of the following defines equal temperature curves?
Which of the following defines equal temperature curves?
Which of these is NOT a primary force that governs ocean currents?
Which of these is NOT a primary force that governs ocean currents?
What is the definition of the ridge edge where two cirques meet?
What is the definition of the ridge edge where two cirques meet?
The mechanical action of ocean waves is an example of what type of weathering?
The mechanical action of ocean waves is an example of what type of weathering?
What is the result of sudden cooling of magma?
What is the result of sudden cooling of magma?
Gypsum is classified as which type of rock?
Gypsum is classified as which type of rock?
Thermal stresses in rocks primarily lead to which type of weathering?
Thermal stresses in rocks primarily lead to which type of weathering?
Which arrangement is correct according to Moh’s scale, from softest to hardest?
Which arrangement is correct according to Moh’s scale, from softest to hardest?
What is the densest layer of the Earth's atmosphere?
What is the densest layer of the Earth's atmosphere?
Replacing incandescent bulbs with LED bulbs is an action related to which aspect of climate change?
Replacing incandescent bulbs with LED bulbs is an action related to which aspect of climate change?
Which of these is not a climatic forcing for Earth?
Which of these is not a climatic forcing for Earth?
Which atmospheric layer contains the most water vapor and aerosols?
Which atmospheric layer contains the most water vapor and aerosols?
Which statement about the Coriolis force on Earth is true?
Which statement about the Coriolis force on Earth is true?
In Koeppen classification, which represents polar tundra temperature?
In Koeppen classification, which represents polar tundra temperature?
What is the correct sequence of atmospheric layers from the surface of the Earth upwards?
What is the correct sequence of atmospheric layers from the surface of the Earth upwards?
The definition 'The ability of a system to adjust to climate change to moderate potential damages' refers to what term?
The definition 'The ability of a system to adjust to climate change to moderate potential damages' refers to what term?
Which category in Koeppen classification corresponds to warm summer temperature?
Which category in Koeppen classification corresponds to warm summer temperature?
Which of the following is not a broad group of peninsular plateau of India?
Which of the following is not a broad group of peninsular plateau of India?
Jet plane flights typically occur in which atmospheric layer?
Jet plane flights typically occur in which atmospheric layer?
Noctilucent clouds are primarily found in which layer of the atmosphere?
Noctilucent clouds are primarily found in which layer of the atmosphere?
In Koeppen classification, which symbol denotes steppe precipitation?
In Koeppen classification, which symbol denotes steppe precipitation?
In Koeppen classification, which code indicates monsoonal precipitation?
In Koeppen classification, which code indicates monsoonal precipitation?
The ionosphere is part of which atmospheric layer?
The ionosphere is part of which atmospheric layer?
Which classification in Koeppen denotes cold arid temperature?
Which classification in Koeppen denotes cold arid temperature?
Which classification represents summer dry precipitation in Koeppen classification?
Which classification represents summer dry precipitation in Koeppen classification?
'Alpha (α) biodiversity' refers to what concept?
'Alpha (α) biodiversity' refers to what concept?
What term describes the vertical arrangement of soil horizons?
What term describes the vertical arrangement of soil horizons?
Which type of soil is Khadar classified as?
Which type of soil is Khadar classified as?
What is the Latin term from which 'laterite soil' is derived, and what does it mean?
What is the Latin term from which 'laterite soil' is derived, and what does it mean?
Which soil type has the highest organic matter content?
Which soil type has the highest organic matter content?
The definition 'groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations, which are reproductively isolated from other such groups' refers to which concept?
The definition 'groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations, which are reproductively isolated from other such groups' refers to which concept?
Which of the following is not characteristic of pioneer species?
Which of the following is not characteristic of pioneer species?
What type of climax is specifically caused by wildfires?
What type of climax is specifically caused by wildfires?
Which of these sequences correctly depicts lithosere primary succession?
Which of these sequences correctly depicts lithosere primary succession?
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Study Notes
Geography Terms and Definitions
- Arete: A sharp, narrow ridge that forms between two cirques.
- Physical weathering: The breakdown of rocks and minerals through physical forces, such as the impact of water, wind, or ice.
- Igneous rocks: Formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).
- Evaporite rocks: Formed from the evaporation of water, leaving behind minerals like gypsum.
- Moh's Hardness Scale: A scale used to measure the relative hardness of minerals, with talc being the softest and diamond being the hardest.
Atmospheric Layers
- Troposphere: The lowest layer of the atmosphere, characterized by decreasing temperature with increasing altitude. Contains most atmospheric water vapor and aerosols.
- Stratosphere: Layer above the troposphere, containing the ozone layer, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation.
- Mesosphere: Layer above the stratosphere, characterized by decreasing temperature with increasing altitude. Contains noctilucent clouds.
- Thermosphere: Uppermost layer of the atmosphere, characterized by increasing temperature with increasing altitude due to absorption of solar radiation. Contains the ionosphere.
Climate Change Terms
- Mitigation: Actions taken to reduce the severity of climate change, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- Adaptation: Actions taken to adjust to the effects of climate change, such as building seawalls to protect against rising sea levels.
Oceanographic Features
- Continental slope: The transition zone between the continental shelf and the deep ocean floor, characterized by a steeper gradient (5-10 degrees).
- Atoll: A ring-shaped coral reef that encloses a lagoon.
- Submarine canyon: A deep, narrow valley that cuts through the continental shelf and slope.
- Oceanic deep/trench: A long, narrow depression in the ocean floor, often associated with subduction zones.
- Guyot: A flat-topped seamount, often formed by erosion.
Oceanographic Currents
- Coriolis force: An apparent force caused by the rotation of the Earth, which deflects moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
- Isopycnal curves: Lines on a map that connect points of equal density.
- Isohaline curves: Lines on a map that connect points of equal salinity.
- Isotherm curves: Lines on a map that connect points of equal temperature.
Climate Classification and Soil Types
- Koeppen Climate Classification: A system used to classify climates based on temperature and precipitation patterns.
- Deccan Plateau: A large plateau in central India, formed by volcanic activity.
- Laterite soil: A type of soil rich in iron oxides, often found in tropical and subtropical regions.
- Peaty soil: A type of soil rich in organic matter, often found in waterlogged areas.
- Alluvial soil: A type of soil deposited by rivers, often fertile.
Biodiversity and Succession
- Alpha (α) Biodiversity: The diversity of species within a specific area or habitat.
- Species: A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
- Pioneer species: The first species to colonize a barren area, often characterized by small size, short lifespan, and tolerance to extreme conditions.
- Climax community: The final stage of succession, typically characterized by a stable community dominated by long-lived, large species.
- Lithosere: A type of ecological succession that begins on bare rock.
Soil Properties
- Soil profile: The vertical arrangement of soil horizons.
- Soil texture: The relative proportion of sand, silt, and clay in a soil.
- Soil structure: The arrangement of soil particles into aggregates.
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