Geography: Sequent Occupance Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is a built landscape?

  • A natural landscape untouched by human activity
  • The physical character of a place
  • An area of land represented by its features and patterns of human occupation and use of natural resources (correct)
  • A region from which innovative ideas originate

What does cultural landscape refer to?

The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.

Define sequent occupance.

The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place.

What does density refer to?

<p>Mass divided by volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is arithmetic density?

<p>The total number of people divided by the total land area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define physiological density.

<p>The number of people per unit of area of arable land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

<p>The spreading of ideas to different parts of the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hearth' refer to in geographic terms?

<p>The region from which innovative ideas originate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is relocation diffusion?

<p>The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define expansion diffusion.

<p>The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hierarchical diffusion?

<p>The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority to other persons or places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define contagious diffusion.

<p>The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stimulus diffusion?

<p>The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does direction mean in terms of natural selection?

<p>A form of natural selection in which individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is absolute direction based on?

<p>The cardinal points of North, South, East, and West (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does relative direction refer to?

<p>Culturally based and locationally variable direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dispersion in geography?

<p>Pattern of spacing among individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define dispersed.

<p>Scattered, spread, broken up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does clustered mean in spatial terms?

<p>Grouped together in bunches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is absolute distance?

<p>A distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define relative distance.

<p>A measure of distance that includes costs and connectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does distribution refer to?

<p>The arrangement of something across Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define environmental determinism.

<p>A doctrine that claims cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is absolute location?

<p>The exact position of an object or place within spatial coordinates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does relative location mean?

<p>The position of a place in relation to another place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a site in geography?

<p>The physical character of a place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a place name also known as?

<p>Toponym.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are patterns in geography?

<p>Collections of symptoms that tend to go together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does centralized mean in geographic terms?

<p>Concentrated in one place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define random distribution.

<p>Arbitrary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are physical attributes?

<p>The natural landscape of a place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define natural landscape.

<p>The physical landscape or environment that has not been affected by human activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is possibilism?

<p>The theory that physical environment may set limits on human actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a region in geographical terms?

<p>An area or division having definable characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are uniform regions?

<p>Areas with distinctive characteristics and similar landscapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nodal regions?

<p>Functional regions based around a node with practical purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define vernacular.

<p>Everyday language of ordinary people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is scale in geography?

<p>Specify a percentage of original size to enlarge or reduce the size of an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does size refer to in geographic terms?

<p>How large or small a person or thing is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does spatial mean?

<p>Pertaining to space on the Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define spatial interaction.

<p>Places interact with each other in structured and comprehensible ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is accessibility?

<p>The relative ease of reaching a destination from another place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define connectivity.

<p>The degree of connection between two places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a network in geographic context?

<p>Connections through a web of weaker social interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is distance decay?

<p>The diminishing importance of a phenomenon with increased distance from its origin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is friction of distance?

<p>The increase in time and cost that comes with greater distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is time-space compression?

<p>The social and psychological effects of living in a world with high levels of time-space convergence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is distortion in map projections?

<p>A change in the shape, size, or position of a place when shown on a map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define geographic information.

<p>An integrated software package for handling geographical data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does GPS stand for?

<p>Global Positioning System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the North and South Poles?

<p>Magnetic poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define latitudes.

<p>Regions, especially concerning their temperature and distance from the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equator?

<p>An imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North and South Poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define longitude.

<p>Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prime meridian?

<p>0 degrees longitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the international date line.

<p>An arc following 180° longitude, affecting calendar days when crossed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are thematic maps?

<p>Maps that tell stories, showing attributes or movements of geographic phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are statistical maps?

<p>Maps indicating variations in quantity of a factor in a geographic area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define cartogram.

<p>A map that distorts shapes and sizes of regions to present data for comparison.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dot maps?

<p>Thematic maps that use points to show the locations of observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define choropleth maps.

<p>Thematic maps that use colors to represent spatial data as average values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are isoline maps?

<p>Maps that use lines to represent quantities of equal value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mental maps?

<p>Images of how space is organized based on individual perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is map scale?

<p>The relationship between the size of an object on a map and on the Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are models in geography?

<p>Representations of objects or systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define projection in geography.

<p>The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is remote sensing?

<p>The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from satellites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are time zones?

<p>24 hour zones that differentiate local times across the globe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Built Landscape

Human-modified landscape featuring structures, roads, and altered natural resources.

Cultural Landscape

Natural landscapes transformed by cultural practices, reflecting a society's imprint.

Sequent Occupance

The concept that successive societies leave their mark on a place, creating a layered cultural landscape.

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

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Physiological Density

The total number of people divided by the amount of arable land.

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Diffusion

The spread of ideas, innovations, and trends from one place to another.

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Hearth

The origin point of a new idea or innovation.

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Relocation Diffusion

The spread of culture through the physical movement of people.

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Expansion Diffusion

A snowballing effect where an idea expands outward from its hearth.

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Hierarchical Diffusion

Spread of ideas from powerful influences to others.

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Contagious Diffusion

Rapid spread of an idea through a population like a wave.

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Stimulus Diffusion

Adoption of a core idea but with modifications or variations.

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Absolute Direction

Universal directions like North, South, East, and West.

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Relative Direction

Directions that are culturally relative and can vary.

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Absolute Distance

Using standard units like miles or kilometers.

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Relative Distance

Distance incorporating factors like cost, time, or social connections.

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Distribution

The arrangement of phenomena on Earth's surface.

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Dispersion

Spacing patterns of individuals or objects (dispersed or clustered).

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Centralized

A concentration of phenomena in one location.

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Environmental Determinism

The theory that cultural traits are shaped by environmental factors.

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Possibilism

The theory that humans have agency to adapt and make choices within environmental constraints.

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Uniform Region

Regions defined by shared characteristics.

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Nodal Region

Regions defined by functional connections to a central area.

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Absolute Location

Exact geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude).

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Relative Location

Location in relation to other places.

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Mental Map

An individual's perception of spatial organization, shaped by personal experiences.

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Thematic Maps

Maps that show specific attributes and data related to geographic phenomena.

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Cartograms

Maps that distort traditional features to emphasize data comparisons.

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Physical Maps

Maps that focus on natural landscapes and features, without human influence.

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Remote Sensing

Gathering data about Earth from satellites or aerial methods.

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Distance Decay

The idea that a phenomenon's influence decreases with increasing distance from its source.

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Friction of Distance

The added time and cost factors related to spatial separation.

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Time-Space Compression

The effects of technology shrinking the perceptions of distance and time.

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GPS (Global Positioning System)

A system of satellites that provide precise location data

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Equator

The imaginary line that divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

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International Date Line

An imaginary line where time zones adjust as they curve around the globe.

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Study Notes

Built and Cultural Landscapes

  • Built landscape refers to land configured by human features and the use of natural resources.
  • Cultural landscape is a modified natural landscape shaped by human cultural practices.

Sequent Occupance

  • Sequent Occupance posits that successive societies imprint their cultural characteristics on a place, creating a cumulative cultural landscape.

Population Density

  • Density is defined as mass divided by volume.
  • Arithmetic density calculates the population by dividing the total number of people by the total land area.
  • Physiological density measures population based on arable land, evaluating people per unit of suitable agricultural land.

Diffusion Concepts

  • Diffusion is the process where ideas and trends spread across regions.
  • Hearth refers to the origin point of innovative ideas.
  • Types of diffusion include:
    • Relocation diffusion: movement of people leading to the spread of culture or trends.
    • Expansion diffusion: a snowballing effect where the trend spreads among a population.
    • Hierarchical diffusion: spread from a key influencer or authority to others.
    • Contagious diffusion: rapid spread throughout a population.
    • Stimulus diffusion: the adoption of an underlying idea even if the specific innovation or trait is not accepted.

Directions and Distances

  • Absolute direction involves cardinal points (North, South, East, West) universally recognized.
  • Relative direction is culture-specific and may vary (e.g., “Near and Far East”).
  • Absolute distance uses standard units like miles or kilometers.
  • Relative distance incorporates factors like cost and social connections between locations.

Patterns and Attributes of Space

  • Distribution refers to the arrangement of phenomena on Earth’s surface.
  • Dispersion indicates spacing patterns among individuals or objects; terms include dispersed (scattered) and clustered (grouped).
  • Centralized indicates concentrated patterns in one location.

Geographic Principles

  • Environmental determinism argues cultural traits are shaped by environmental factors.
  • Possibilism suggests that while the environment poses constraints, humans have the agency to adapt and choose alternatives.
  • Regions can be categorized as uniform (distinct characteristics) or nodal (functional areas centered around a key area).

Geospatial Terms

  • Absolute location defines the exact geographic coordinates of a place, while relative location refers to its position in relation to other places.
  • Mental maps represent how individuals perceive spatial organization based on personal experiences.

Mapping Techniques

  • Thematic maps present specific attributes and data related to geographic phenomena (e.g., statistical or dot maps).
  • Cartograms distort traditional map features for comparative data representation.
  • Physical attributes highlight the natural landscape's features, unaffected by human influence.
  • Remote sensing involves gathering data about the Earth from satellites or aerial methods.

Time and Distance Effects

  • Distance decay describes how a phenomenon diminishes in significance with increasing distance from its source.
  • Friction of distance considers the added time and cost factors related to spatial separation.
  • Time-space compression expresses the effect of technology shrinking perceptions of distance and time interaction.

Global Framework

  • GPS (Global Positioning System) provides precise location data.
  • The equator divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
  • The International Date Line adjusts time zones as it curves around the globe, impacting time changes when crossed.

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Description

Test your understanding of key terms related to sequent occupance and cultural landscapes. This quiz features flashcards that define built landscapes, cultural landscapes, and the concept of sequent occupance. Perfect for geography students looking to reinforce their knowledge.

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