Geography: Realms, Regions, and Populations

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Questions and Answers

What is geography?

The study of "place and space".

How are realms and regions classified?

Subjectively, open somewhat to interpretation as to what constitutes each category.

What is a transition zone?

A gradual differentiation of cultural, economic, and spatial differences between realms.

What climates are favorable for human settlement?

<p>Temperate climates and moderate amounts of rainfall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are densest population clusters typically found?

<p>Near large or numerous rivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are core and periphery?

<p>The two groupings of regions within a realm, representing economic and cultural life versus poorer, less influential areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a nation and a state?

<p>A nation involves strong cultural ties and the desire for political influence by a group, whereas a state is an institutional-administrative entity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the Kurds?

<p>One of the largest &quot;nations-without-a-state&quot; in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sovereignty?

<p>A state has full control over its political affairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of geography-related research fields

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Globalization?

<p>The tendency of different peoples across the world to connect to each other more through cultural and economic contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which continent is the Global core?

<p>Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is the geographically smallest self-governing country in the world?

<p>Vatican City</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cultural and economic center of northern Italy?

<p>Milan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which island is divided with violent ethnic conflict between its Greek majority and Turkish minority populations?

<p>Cyprus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country violently broke apart during the 1990s, including Bosnia, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Macedonia, and Montenegro?

<p>Yugoslavia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of Romania used to be part of Hungary and is inhabited by a large Hungarian population?

<p>Transylvania</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is Jutland part of the United Kingdom?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is Switzerland considered part of the Scandinavian/Nordic region?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country has refused to join the European Union due to its economy's reliance on oil?

<p>Norway</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the following statement true or false of the Benelux countries: The Netherlands is one of the poorest countries in Europe.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which countries lie on the Baltic Sea and are known as the Baltic countries?

<p>Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania</p> Signup and view all the answers

What word is frequently used to describe the nature of the European Union?

<p>Supranational</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary language spoken in Austria and Switzerland?

<p>Most residents speak this language (or dialects related to this language).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Central European country peacefully split into two separate parts in 1993 after its "velvet divorce?"

<p>Czechoslovakia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Opinion polls show that the people of which small, poor country have one of the most favorable opinions of the United States in the world?

<p>Albania</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which former Soviet country is generally considered the least democratic country in Europe, led for over 20 years by the autocrat Alexander Lukashenko?

<p>Belarus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is happening to the population of most European countries?

<p>Declining</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following about Gibraltar is NOT true?

<p>The Algerians lay claim to it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The word "Dutch" is associated with people from which country?

<p>The Netherlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What military alliance to which the United States and Canada, along with most western European and many eastern European countries, belong?

<p>NATO</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which city once had a wall through it that divided the free western part from the communist eastern part?

<p>Berlin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country has witnessed warfare that has, in part, been a consequence of the divide between its Western, pro-European regions and its more Eastern-oriented, pro-Russian regions?

<p>Ukraine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the current and controversial President of Russia?

<p>Vladimir Putin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give some controversial reasons for Russian President?

<p>He has curtailed civil liberties in Russia and conducted aggressive foreign policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which natural resource is Russia the world's second-largest producer and largest exporter (up until 2020 - probably not anymore) of?

<p>Natural Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major river is located in Western Russia and contains centers of Russian industry including Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Ural Mountains?

<p>Volga</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country was not the first neighboring country invaded by Russia this century that in support of South Ossetian secession, Russia invaded the internationally recognized borders of?

<p>Georgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following statements about Russia are true, EXCEPT:

<p>The expansion of the polar ice cap is making it more difficult in recent years to navigate the seas north of Russia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the leaders of Russia called before the creation of the Soviet Union?

<p>Czars</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the last leader of the Soviet Union?

<p>M. Gorbachev</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is so special about Lake Baikal, which is located in southern Siberia?

<p>It is very deep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cities is the 'technopole' Silicon Valley generally considered to include?

<p>San Jose/Palo Alto</p> Signup and view all the answers

Much of French-speaking Canada lies along which major North American river?

<p>Saint Lawrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are among the leading agricultural exports of the United States, EXCEPT:

<p>Sugar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cities have been among the FASTEST growing major metropolitan areas over the last decade in the United States?

<p>Fort Worth and Austin, TX</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest city (by population) in Canada?

<p>Toronto</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which place in the U.S. is generally NOT associated with high average levels of poverty:

<p>The overall area stretching from Washington to Boston. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the capital of Canada?

<p>Ottawa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Quebecois (residents of Quebec) voted to secede from Canada and form an independent country in 1995?

<p>Over 49%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Canadian province is sometimes called the 'Saudi Arabia of North America' because of its large oil reserves?

<p>Alberta</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following about Canada is FALSE?

<p>False statement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Central American country is one of the wealthiest in the region and does not have a military?

<p>Costa Rica</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country has the highest HIV/AIDS rates and lowest per capita wealth in the Western Hemisphere?

<p>Haiti</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the Greater Antilles?

<p>Aruba (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The island of Hispaniola is divided between two states. One of them is the Dominican Republic. What is the other?

<p>Haiti</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indigenous Mayan-descended peoples make up about half the population of which country?

<p>Guatemala</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biggest source of revenue (other than income taxes) for the Mexican government?

<p>Oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major peninsula in Mexico is home to Cancun and vast Mayan ruins?

<p>Yucatan Peninsula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the only historically English-speaking country in Central America?

<p>Belize</p> Signup and view all the answers

The United States invaded which small Caribbean island in 1983?

<p>Grenada</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the second most populous South American country?

<p>Colombia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which massive Brazilian city has the 4th largest population in the world?

<p>São Paulo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led Cuba for over fifty-five years?

<p>The Castros</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vast and wealthy Amerindian empire once existed throughout the Andes mountains?

<p>Incan</p> Signup and view all the answers

About 10 million people in the Andes Mountain region speak what Amerindian language?

<p>Quechua</p> Signup and view all the answers

Its capital city, Brasilia, is one of the oldest cities in South America

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which unusual country does a greater percentage of the population speaks the Amerindian language Guarani than Spanish?

<p>Paraguay</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which capitalist, free market-oriented Andean country has long been regarded by leaders in the U.S. as possessing the 'model' South American economy?

<p>Chile</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of currency is used in French Guiana?

<p>Euros</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the 'great liberator' of South America?

<p>Simón Bolívar</p> Signup and view all the answers

English is the official language of which ethnically and religiously diverse South American country?

<p>Guyana</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country, the largest of the Lesser Antilles, is also very ethnically diverse and its main export is fossil fuels?

<p>Trinidad and Tobago</p> Signup and view all the answers

Since they possess large oil reserves, which countries are members of OPEC?

<p>Venezuela and Ecuador</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Central American country is famous for its canal?

<p>Panama</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographic feature is associated with densest population clusters?

<p>Large or numerous rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are core and periphery regions?

<p>The two groupings of regions within a realm, representing economic and cultural life versus poorer, less influential areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

List some geography-related research fields

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is the geographically smallest self-governing country in the world?

<p>Vatican City</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which city is the cultural and economic center of northern Italy?

<p>Milan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which island has a violent ethnic conflict between its Greek majority and Turkish minority populations?

<p>Cyprus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country violently broke apart during the 1990s into Bosnia, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Macedonia, and Montenegro?

<p>Yugoslavia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which large area of Romania used to be part of Hungary and is inhabited by a large Hungarian population?

<p>Transylvania</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jutland is part of the United Kingdom

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Switzerland is considered part of the Scandinavian/Nordic region

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Netherlands is one of the poorest countries in Europe is true of the Benelux countries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which countries lie on the Baltic Sea?

<p>Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which small, poor country has one of the most favorable opinions of the United States in the world, unusual for a country that is 70% Muslim?

<p>Albania</p> Signup and view all the answers

Led for over 20 years by the autocrat Alexander Lukashenko, which former Soviet country is generally considered the least democratic country in Europe?

<p>Belarus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in population of most European countries?

<p>Declining</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Algerians lay claim to it is NOT true of Gibraltar.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What military alliance includes the United States and Canada, along with most western European and many eastern European countries?

<p>NATO</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the controversial reasons for Russian President?

<p>He has curtailed civil liberties in Russia and conducted aggressive foreign policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What natural resource is Russia the world's second-largest producer and largest exporter of?

<p>Natural Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides Moscow and St. Petersburg, what other centers of Russian industry exist?

<p>the Ural Mountains, and THIS major river located in Western Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

In support of South Ossetian secession, which country was invaded by Russia over the summer of 2008?

<p>Georgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The expansion of the polar ice cap is making it more difficult in recent years to navigate the seas north of Russia.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Silicon Valley is a 'technopole' that is generally considered to include what cities?

<p>San Jose/Palo Alto</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sugar is NOT among the leading agricultural exports of the United States.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The overall area stretching from Washington to Boston is generally NOT associated with high average levels of poverty.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tell me a false statement about Canada?

<p>Which of the following about Canada is FALSE?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indigenous Mayan-descended peoples make up about half the population of this country, and were killed in large numbers during brutal civil warfare that lasted for 30 years and took 200,000 lives.

<p>Guatemala</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which small Caribbean island did the United States invade in 1983?

<p>Grenada</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second most populous South American country, and, despite problems with the drug trade and political violence, has managed to operate as the longest-running democracy in the realm?

<p>Colombia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What massive Brazilian city has the 4th largest population in the world (larger than New York City's!)?

<p>São Paulo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Its capital city, Brasilia, is one of the oldest cities in South America (Brasilia was founded in 1960).

<p>Brasilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unusual country has a greater percentage of the population that speaks the Amerindian language Guarani than Spanish?

<p>Paraguay</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which South American country is English the official language of?

<p>Guyana</p> Signup and view all the answers

What countries are members of OPEC?

<p>Venezuela and Ecuador</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geography is the study of what?

<p>&quot;place and space&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

Classification of realms and regions is considered what?

<p>subjective</p> Signup and view all the answers

What climates are considered favorable for human settlement?

<p>temperate climates and moderate amounts of rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

Densest population clusters are usually found near what?

<p>large or numerous rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two groupings of regions within a realm?

<p>Core and periphery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes geography-related research fields?

<p>All of the above (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which continent is considered the global core?

<p>Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Transylvania?

<p>the large area of Romania that used to be part of Hungary, inhabited by a large Hungarian population</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is The Netherlands one of the poorest countries in Europe?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What language do most residents in Austria and Switzerland speak?

<p>German</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which former Soviet country is generally considered the least democratic country in Europe?

<p>Belarus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is the word "Dutch" associated with?

<p>The Netherlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the military alliance to which the United States and Canada, along with most western European and many eastern European countries, belong?

<p>NATO</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two controversial reasons for popularity of the Russian President?

<p>He has curtailed civil liberties in Russia and conducted aggressive foreign policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Russia the world's second-largest producer and largest exporter (up until 2020) of?

<p>Natural Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a major river located in Western Russia?

<p>Volga</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country was invaded by Russia in support of South Ossetian secession over the summer of 2008?

<p>Georgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it more difficult in recent years to navigate the seas north of Russia due to the expansion of the polar ice cap?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Lake Baikal special?

<p>It is very deep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cities is Silicon Valley considered to include?

<p>San Jose/Palo Alto</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the fastest growing U.S. cities?

<p>Fort Worth and Austin, TX</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Canadian province is sometimes called the 'Saudi Arabia of North America'?

<p>Alberta</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Canada's population is evenly distributed across the country.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two states share the island of Hispaniola?

<p>Dominican Republic and Haiti</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the second most populous South American country and the longest-running democracy in the realm?

<p>Colombia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the brothers who led Cuba for over fifty-five years?

<p>The Castros</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which South American capital city is not one of the oldest?

<p>Brasilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which country does a greater percentage of the population speak the Amerindian language Guarani than Spanish?

<p>Paraguay</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnically and religiously diverse South American country has English as its official language?

<p>Guyana</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country, the largest of the Lesser Antilles, is also very ethnically diverse and has fossil fuels as its main export?

<p>Trinidad and Tobago</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two South American countries are members of OPEC?

<p>Venezuela and Ecuador</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Geography

The study of 'place and space'

Classification of realms and regions

Subjective, open to interpretation.

Transition Zone

A gradual differentiation of cultural, economic, and spatial differences between realms.

Favorable climates for human settlement

Temperate climates and moderate rainfall.

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Densest population clusters

Areas near large or numerous rivers.

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Core and periphery

Economic and cultural centers vs. poorer areas.

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Nation vs. State

Nation: cultural ties/political desire. State: administrative entity.

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Kurds

One of the largest 'nations-without-a-state'.

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Sovereignty

Full control over a state's political affairs.

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Globalization

The tendency of different peoples across the world to connect to each other more through cultural and economic contact.

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Vatican City

The geographically smallest self-governing country in the world.

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Milan

Cultural and economic center of northern Italy.

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Cyprus

Divided island with Greek/Turkish ethnic conflict.

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Yugoslavia

Country that broke apart in the 1990s.

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Transylvania

Large area of Romania, formerly part of Hungary.

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Norway

Country that has refused to join the European Union due to its economy's reliance on oil.

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Baltic countries

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania lie on the Baltic Sea.

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European Union

Frequently used to describe the nature of the European Union.

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Czechoslovakia

After its 'velvet divorce,' this Central European country peacefully split into two separate parts in 1993.

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Albania

Opinion polls show that the people of THIS small, poor country have one of the most favorable opinions of the United States in the world - unusual for a country that is 70% Muslim.

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Belarus

Led for over 20 years by the autocrat Alexander Lukashenko, this former Soviet country is generally considered the least democratic country in Europe.

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Population of most European countries

Declining.

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Dutch

The Netherlands.

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NATO

The military alliance to which the United States and Canada, along with most western European and many eastern European countries, belong is known as NATO.

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Berlin

THIS city once had a wall through it that divided the free western part from the communist eastern part. Over 27 years, hundreds died trying to escape from the east to freedom.

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Ukraine

WHICH country has witnessed warfare that has, in part, been a consequence of the divide between its Western, pro-European regions and its more Eastern-oriented, pro-Russian regions?

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Vladimir Putin

He is the current and controversial President of Russia.

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Controversial reasons for Russian President

He has curtailed civil liberties in Russia and conducted aggressive foreign policies.

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Natural Gas

Surpassed only by the US, Russia is the world's second-largest producer and largest exporter (up until 2020 - probably not anymore) of THIS natural resource. It has been the country's largest source of income.

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Volga

Centers of Russian industry include Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Ural Mountains, and THIS major river located in Western Russia.

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Georgia

Ukraine was not the first neighboring country invaded by Russia this century. In support of South Ossetian secession, Russia invaded the internationally recognized borders of THIS country over the summer of 2008.

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Czars

What were the leaders of Russia called before the creation of the Soviet Union?

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M. Gorbachev

Who was the last leader of the Soviet Union?

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Lake Baikal

What is so special about Lake Baikal, which is located in southern Siberia? It is very deep.

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Silicon Valley

Silicon Valley is a 'technopole' that is generally considered to include what cities? San Jose/Palo Alto.

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Saint Lawrence

Much of French-speaking Canada lies along this major North American river.

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Fastest growing U.S. cities

These cities have been among the FASTEST growing major metropolitan areas over the last decade in the United States: Fort Worth and Austin, TX.

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Toronto

The largest city (by population) in Canada is: Toronto.

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Ottawa

The capital of Canada is: Ottawa.

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Quebec secession vote

What percentage of Quebecois (residents of Quebec) voted to secede from Canada and form an independent country in 1995? Over 49%.

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Alberta

This Canadian province is sometimes called the 'Saudi Arabia of North America' because of its large oil reserves.

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Costa Rica

This Central American country is one of the wealthiest in the region and does not have a military.

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Haiti

This country has the highest HIV/AIDS rates and lowest per capita wealth in the Western Hemisphere.

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Dominican Republic

The island of Hispaniola is divided between two states. One of them is the Dominican Republic. The other is Haiti.

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Guatemala

Indigenous Mayan-descended peoples make up about half the population of this country, and were killed in large numbers during brutal civil warfare that lasted for 30 years and took 200,000 lives.

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Oil

The biggest source of revenue (other than income taxes) for the Mexican government comes from this commodity/industry.

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Yucatan Peninsula

This major peninsula in Mexico is home to Cancun and vast Mayan ruins. It is also believed to be where the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs impacted 65 million years ago.

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Belize

This is the only historically English-speaking country in Central America and is characterized by a plantation agricultural economy and a sparse population that is less than half the size of Indianapolis.

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Grenada

The United States invaded this small Caribbean island in 1983. It wasn't much of a fight.

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Study Notes

Geography

  • Geography studies "place and space".

Classification of Realms and Regions

  • The classification of realms and regions is subjective and open to interpretation when defining categories.

Transition Zone

  • A transition zone involves a gradual differentiation of cultural, economic, and spatial differences between realms.

Favorable Climates for Human Settlement

  • Temperate climates with moderate rainfall are favorable for human settlement.

Densest Population Clusters

  • The densest population clusters are located near large or numerous rivers.

Core and Periphery

  • Core and periphery are two regional groupings within a realm.
  • Cores represent economic and cultural life.
  • Peripheries are poorer and less influential.

Nation vs. State

  • A nation shares strong cultural ties and desires political influence.
  • A state is an institutional-administrative entity.

Kurds

  • The Kurds are one of the largest "nations-without-a-state" worldwide.

Sovereignty

  • Sovereignty means a state has full control over its political affairs.
  • Geography-related encompass a wide variety of different research avenues.

Globalization

  • Globalization is the increasing interconnectedness of peoples worldwide through cultural and economic contact.

Global Core

  • The Global Core consists of developed countries in: North America, Europe, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.

Vatican City

  • Vatican City is the smallest self-governing country geographically.

Milan

  • Milan is the cultural and economic center of northern Italy.

Cyprus

  • Cyprus is a divided island experiencing violent ethnic conflict between its Greek majority and Turkish minority.

Yugoslavia

  • Yugoslavia violently broke apart in the 1990s into Bosnia, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Macedonia, and Montenegro.

Transylvania

  • Transylvania is a large area of Romania that used to be part of Hungary and has a large Hungarian population.

United Kingdom

  • Jutland is not part of the United Kingdom.

Scandinavian/Nordic Region

  • Switzerland is not considered part of the Scandinavian/Nordic region.

Norway

  • Norway has refused to join the European Union due to its economy's reliance on oil.

Benelux Countries

  • It is false to state The Netherlands is one of the poorest countries in Europe.

Baltic countries

  • Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania lie on the Baltic Sea.

European Union

  • "Supranational" describes the nature of the European Union.

Language in Austria and Switzerland

  • Most residents in Austria and Switzerland speak German (or dialects related to German).

Czechoslovakia

  • Czechoslovakia peacefully split into two separate parts in 1993 after its "velvet divorce".

Albania

  • Opinion polls show that the people of Albania have one of the most favorable opinions of the United States, which is unusual for a country that is 70% Muslim.

Belarus

  • Led by Alexander Lukashenko for over 20 years, Belarus is generally considered the least democratic country in Europe.

Population of Most European Countries

  • The population of most European countries is declining.

Gibraltar

  • It is false to claim Algerians lay claim to Gibraltar.

Dutch

  • The word "Dutch" is associated with people from The Netherlands.

NATO

  • NATO is the military alliance including the United States, Canada, most western European, and many eastern European countries.

Berlin

  • Berlin once had a wall dividing its free western part from its communist eastern part.

Ukraine

  • Warfare in Ukraine has been a consequence of the divide between its Western, pro-European regions and its more Eastern-oriented, pro-Russian regions

Vladimir Putin

  • Vladimir Putin is the current and controversial President of Russia.

Controversial Reasons for Russian President

  • Putin has curtailed civil liberties in Russia and conducted aggressive foreign policies.

Natural Gas

  • Russia is the world's second-largest producer and largest exporter (up until 2020) of natural gas and it is the country's largest source of income.

Volga

  • Centers of Russian industry include Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Ural Mountains, and the Volga River.

Georgia

  • In support of South Ossetian secession, Russia invaded Georgia in 2008.

Russia statements

  • The expansion of the polar ice cap is making it more difficult in recent years to navigate the seas north of Russia is false.

Czars

  • Before the creation of the Soviet Union, the leaders of Russia were called Czars.

M. Gorbachev

  • M. Gorbachev was the last leader of the Soviet Union.

Lake Baikal

  • Lake Baikal is very deep.

Silicon Valley

  • Silicon Valley includes San Jose/Palo Alto.

Saint Lawrence

  • Much of French-speaking Canada lies along the Saint Lawrence River.

U.S. Agricultural Exports

  • Sugar is not among the leading agricultural exports of the United States.

Fastest Growing U.S. Cities

  • Fort Worth and Austin, TX, have been among the fastest-growing major metropolitan areas in the United States over the last decade.

Toronto

  • Toronto has the largest population in Canada.

Poverty in the U.S.

  • The overall area stretching from Washington to Boston is not associated with high average levels of poverty.

Ottawa

  • Ottawa is the capital of Canada.

Quebec Secession Vote

  • Over 49% of Quebecois voted to secede from Canada and form an independent country in 1995.

Alberta

  • Alberta is sometimes called the 'Saudi Arabia of North America' because of its large oil reserves.

Canada False Statement

  • Look out for false statements about general Canadian information.

Costa Rica

  • Costa Rica is one of the wealthiest Central American countries and does not have a military.

Haiti

  • Haiti has the highest HIV/AIDS rates and lowest per capita wealth in the Western Hemisphere.

Aruba

  • Aruba is not considered part of the Greater Antilles.

Dominican Republic

  • The island of Hispaniola is divided between the Dominican Republic and Haiti.

Guatemala

  • Indigenous Mayan-descended peoples make up about half the population of Guatemala and were killed in large numbers during brutal civil warfare.

Oil

  • Oil is the biggest source of revenue for the Mexican government.

Yucatan Peninsula

  • The Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico is home to Cancun and vast Mayan ruins and is believed to be where the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs impacted.

Belize

  • Belize is the only historically English-speaking country in Central America, characterized by a plantation agricultural economy and a sparse population.

Grenada

  • The United States invaded Grenada in 1983.

Colombia

  • Colombia is the second most populous South American country.

São Paulo

  • São Paulo has the 4th largest population in the world.

The Castros

  • The Castros led Cuba for over fifty-five years.

Incan

  • The Incan empire once existed throughout the Andes mountains.

Quechua

  • About 10 million people in the Andes Mountain region speak the Amerindian language Quechua.

Brasilia

  • Brasilia was founded in 1960.

Paraguay

  • A greater percentage of the population in Paraguay speaks the Amerindian language Guarani than Spanish.

Chile

  • Chile has long been regarded as possessing the 'model' South American economy.

Euros

  • The Euro is used in French Guiana.

Simón Bolívar

  • Simón Bolívar was the 'great liberator' of South America.

Guyana

  • English is the official language of Guyana.

Trinidad and Tobago

  • Trinidad and Tobago is the largest of the Lesser Antilles, is ethnically diverse, and its main export is fossil fuels.

OPEC

  • Venezuela and Ecuador are members of OPEC.

Panama

  • Panama is famous for its canal.

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