Geography: Physical and Human Interactions
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How does perceived control influence risk perception?

  • Feeling a lack of control increases perceived risk levels. (correct)
  • Lack of control decreases perceived risk levels.
  • Perceived control has no effect on risk perception.
  • High control always leads to high risk perception.

    • What distinguishes risk assessment from risk management?

  • Risk management involves quantitative measurements exclusively.
  • Risk management focuses on risk communication.
  • Risk assessment is more subjective than risk management.
  • Risk assessment is based on scientific analysis while risk management is policy-based. (correct)

    • Which statement correctly describes the Precautionary Principle?

  • Avoiding action until risks are proven.
  • Taking action only when risks are clearly evident.
  • Delegating risk assessments solely to policymakers.
  • Acting to prevent potential harm, even without confirmed risk. (correct)

    • What is an essential component of the risk assessment process?

    <p>Interactive exchange between stakeholders on risk perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the psychometric paradigm, what influences risk perception the most?

    <p>Intuition, experiential thinking, and emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the division of Human Geography primarily focus on?

    <p>Economic and cultural studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a hazard?

    <p>The potential for harm or death from an event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'risk perception' refer to?

    <p>The subjective judgment about the likelihood of risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of risk classification, what does a 'red' level indicate?

    <p>An immediate risk of harm likely to occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT influence vulnerability to hazards?

    <p>Personal interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might people fear flying despite its safety?

    <p>Plane crashes are highly publicized despite rarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a risk from a hazard?

    <p>A risk measures the potential for harm based on probability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of danger levels, what does 'caution' signify?

    <p>A careful approach is advisable to avoid potential issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a divergent boundary in plate tectonics?

    <p>Plates come apart and create new crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift?

    <p>It proposed that continents were once part of a supercontinent called Pangaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is directly above the outer core?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fault is caused by shearing forces?

    <p>Strike-slip fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the subduction process at convergent boundaries?

    <p>One tectonic plate is forced under another, leading to melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is used in conjunction with reinforced concrete to reduce seismic activity during earthquakes?

    <p>Energy-dissipating devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary lesson that communities in Nepal, India, and Vietnam have learned to cope with earthquakes?

    <p>Altering building techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of space did most respondents prefer for communal areas in post-earthquake studies?

    <p>Medium-sized communal spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After experiencing an earthquake, what behavior did the authors observe regarding people's movement?

    <p>Many chose to stay close to home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of risk perception does the UNCRD film emphasize for communities in earthquake-prone areas?

    <p>Promoting community resilience through practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the ShakeAlert system?

    <p>To notify people about significant earthquakes in advance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of emergency response focuses on preparedness through planning?

    <p>Preparedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique involves separating a building from its foundation to absorb shocks during an earthquake?

    <p>Base isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about shear walls is correct?

    <p>They can be placed strategically to manage lateral forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT essential in achieving earthquake-resistant design of buildings?

    <p>Increased building height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of Japan's research in predicting earthquakes?

    <p>Studying the 2011 Tohoku earthquake for future predictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the emergency response management process?

    <p>Community engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of moment-resisting frames allows them to absorb energy during an earthquake?

    <p>They have flexible column-beam joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does California law require developers to take regarding building construction?

    <p>Set buildings away from active fault lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated damage cost from the 2019 earthquakes in Ridgecrest?

    <p>$1 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon is formed when the unsupported rock of an emptied magma chamber collapses?

    <p>Caldera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tools is NOT mentioned as a method for predicting earthquakes?

    <p>Radar technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of soil, known for its fertility, results from the weathering of volcanic materials?

    <p>Andisols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?

    <p>Richter Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant contributor to creating earthquakes in various states?

    <p>Wastewater injected into the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What magnitude was the earthquake that struck Morocco in September 2023?

    <p>6.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the largest recorded earthquake in Canada occur?

    <p>Cascadia Subduction Zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an earthquake-resistant building mentioned?

    <p>The CN Tower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural disaster did the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster follow?

    <p>Tsunami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Japan utilize AI technology in relation to earthquakes?

    <p>To detect landslides and aging buildings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the danger posed by earthquakes?

    <p>Proximity to human settlements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological phenomenon causes the majority of earthquakes in Canada?

    <p>Movement at plate edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reported outcome of the Three Gorges reservoir project?

    <p>Worsened landslides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element contributed to the ancient geological stress in the West Quebec Seismic Zone?

    <p>Glacial weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Tsunami Advisory indicate?

    <p>A tsunami has been confirmed with strong winds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the magnitude of the earthquake that struck Chile in 2010?

    <p>8.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major consequence of the Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami?

    <p>It caused the third largest earthquake recorded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the tsunami warning system transmits data to the PTWC?

    <p>DART buoys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a significant hazard requiring evacuation according to the PTWC forecasting model?

    <p>Light red to bright red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major factor leading to the disastrous impact of the Boxing Day tsunami?

    <p>Speed of tsunami propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Indian Ocean tsunami warning system activated?

    <p>2006</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the seismicity of valleys near water bodies?

    <p>Water pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the PTWC's bulletins?

    <p>Tsunami information bulletins confirm that no tsunami has been detected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is known for experiencing high losses due to earthquakes in the U.S.?

    <p>California</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Geography

    • Examines interactions between natural systems, places, societies, and cultures
    • Considers space (differences and similarities) and time (actions/mechanisms)
    • Unified by method, not a specific body of knowledge

    Two Main Divisions of Geography

    • Physical Geography: Focuses on physical and life sciences (biology, geology)
    • Human Geography: Focuses on social and cultural sciences (economics, cultural studies)

    Concept of Danger

    • Potential for harm or death, existing on a continuum
    • Can be immediate (e.g., tornado) or gradual (e.g., climate change)
    • Events can be visible (e.g., fire) or invisible (e.g., radiation), or both
    • Harm can be from human activities or natural processes
    • "Safe" areas are those with a low likelihood of harm

    Levels of Danger

    • Danger: High likelihood of harm (red)
    • Warning: Increased likelihood of harm (orange)
    • Caution: Potential for harm (yellow)

    Hazard vs. Risk

    • Hazard: Source of potential harm (e.g., bleach on a high shelf)
    • Risk: Chance or probability of harm occurring (e.g., drinking the bleach)

    Risk Perception

    • Subjective judgment about risk characteristics and severity
    • Dread: a risk people strongly fear
    • Example: Caffeine has low perceived risk and dread

    Safety of Modes of Transport

    • Planes have a lower chance of death, but the risk of death is more perceived.
    • Many people fear flying more than other forms of transportation due to perceived higher risk, despite lower probability.

    Perceived Control

    • Perceived control over a situation can affect risk perception.
    • High control = lower perceived risk
    • Lack of control = higher perceived risk

    Risk Perception (Continued)

    • Quantitative risk: Actual risk (statistical data)
    • Qualitative risk: Perceptual risk (feelings about the risk)

    Risk Assessment Process

    • Science based: Risk assessment process
    • Policy based: Risk management process
    • Interactive exchange: Risk communication

    Precautionary Principle

    • Taking action to prevent harm, even when uncertainty exists about the risk
    • "Better late than sorry" approach

    Applying the Precautionary Principle

    • Assigning burdens of proof
    • Evaluating evidence/justification/alternatives
    • Assessing policies and taking transparent decisions

    Psychometric Paradigm

    • Risk perception heavily relies on intuition, experiential thinking, and emotions
    • Risk perception is influenced by benefits perceived from products or activities

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    Related Documents

    GEO 210 Week 1 Lecture Notes (4) PDF
    GEO 210 Lecture 2 (4) PDF

    Description

    Explore the dynamic interactions between natural systems, places, societies, and cultures in this quiz about geography. Learn about the divisions of geography, including physical and human aspects, and understand the concepts of danger, risk, and hazard. Test your knowledge of how these factors influence our world.

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