Geography of Amazon and Ganga-Brahmaputra Basins

A broad, grassy area in South Africa, situated on a plateau, with elevations ranging from 150 m to 1800 m.

The highest area of the Veld, with elevations between 1200 m and 1800 m, characterized by a ridge called the Witwatersrand.

The middle area of the Veld, with elevations between 600 m and 1200 m.

The lowest area of the Veld, with elevations between 150 m and 600 m.

A type of antelope found in the Veld, known for its long, straight horns.

The soil in the Canadian Prairies is rich in organic matter and fertile, making it ideal for agriculture.

The rolling terrain and gentle slopes of the Canadian Prairies are well-suited for the use of farm machinery.

Wheat is the most important crop grown in the Canadian Prairies, planted in the spring for harvest later in the year.

The combine harvester is a powerful machine used in large-scale farming to reap, thresh, winnow, and pack grain in one efficient operation.

Winnipeg, located in the Canadian Prairies, is a major transportation hub and is often referred to as the "Gateway to the Prairies".

Rearing cattle is common in warmer, wetter eastern areas of South Africa, while sheep are raised in cooler, drier western areas. This industry provides dairy products, meat, and leather.

Gold, uranium, diamonds, coal, and iron-ore are abundant in the veld, making mining a major economic activity. Kimberley is famous for its diamond industry.

Crop cultivation in the veld is limited due to low rainfall, droughts, and poor soils. However, maize is a key crop grown in humid areas.

The veld region is well-connected by roads, railways, and air services. Rivers within the region are not navigable due to waterfalls and rapids.

Johannesburg, a significant industrial and commercial hub, is the largest city in the region. It's located in a major gold-producing area.

One of the largest river systems in the world, covering a vast area of northern India and Bangladesh. It's shaped by the Himalayan Mountains to the north and the Peninsular Plateau to the south.

The Great Northern Plains of India were formed by sediment carried from the Himalayas and deposited by rivers. This land is characterized by features like floodplains, embankments, meanders, and oxbow lakes.

The longest river in India, the Ganga River, is joined by various tributaries like the Yamuna, Ghaghra, Gomti, Gandak, Kosi, Son, and Damodar.

The Amazon Basin is a large rainforest area in South America, known for its vast biodiversity. It has few major cities, with Manaus, Belem, and Iquitos being notable.

The Amazon Basin is undergoing significant changes due to deforestation caused by migration and development. This environmental impact poses a threat to numerous plant and animal species and the planet's overall health.

The prairies are a biome with extreme climates characterized by cold winters and hot summers, receiving around 50 cm of rainfall annually, mostly during spring and summer. A unique feature is the Chinook wind, which warms temperatures and melts snow in winter.

Due to the low rainfall, the prairies are covered in short grasses, shrubs, and scattered trees. The diverse wildlife includes animals like wolves, coyotes, jackals, prairie dogs, antelopes, rabbits, and birds like hawks, owls, and eagles. Notably, the American bison was once abundant, but now their numbers are significantly reduced due to excessive hunting.

The main human activities in prairies are cattle rearing and farming. Dairy farms focus on producing milk, butter, and cheese near populated areas, using tall, nutritious grasses. Beef cattle are raised on large ranches in the western and southern regions, managed like factories by cowboys.

The American bison is a large, herbivorous mammal native to the North American prairies. They were once abundant but their populations have been greatly reduced due to hunting.

Cattle ranches on the prairies resemble factories, with cowboys managing the cattle year-round. Their operations are self-contained units, focusing on raising beef cattle for commercial purposes.

The Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin is a large area in South Asia known for its fertile land and abundance of water, supporting agriculture as the main occupation.

Rice, wheat, jute, cotton, sugarcane, and tea are some of the major crops cultivated in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin due to its favorable conditions.

River pollution in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin is primarily caused by sewage, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and industrial waste.

The Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan are programs aimed at cleaning up the polluted rivers in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin.

The Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin has a well-developed transportation system due to its flat terrain, including road, rail, and waterways. Major cities have access to air travel.

A river originating in Tibet, known as Tsangpo, that flows through Arunachal Pradesh in India and joins with tributaries like the Manas, Lohit, Subansiri, and Kopili.

The world's largest and fastest-growing delta formed by the confluence of the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers in Bangladesh.

A type of monkey found in the Brahmaputra Plain.

The world's largest mangrove forest located in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta, named after the Sundari tree.

A tree species found in the Sundarbans, which gives the mangrove forest its name.

The Amazon Basin hosts diverse wildlife, including monkeys, sloths, pumas, jaguars, tapirs, anteaters, armadillos, crocodiles, alligators, turtles, iguanas, snakes, piranhas, toucans, hummingbirds, parrots and insects.

The Amazon Basin has a low population density due to harsh climate, dense forests, limited transportation and frequent outbreaks of diseases like malaria and yellow fever.

Tribal people in the Amazon Basin live a simple life, relying on gathering, hunting and fishing. They often build small huts on raised platforms to avoid flooding.

More developed communities in the Amazon Basin live in villages and practice agriculture. They cultivate crops like yam, cassava, maize, bananas and vegetables.

A common agricultural practice in the Amazon Basin is shifting agriculture, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture. This involves clearing and burning forest land to plant crops.

The Amazon Basin is rich in resources like rubber, coffee, cocoa, nuts and minerals. Iron ore, gold, tin, copper, manganese and bauxite are commercially exploited in some areas.

Transportation in the Amazon Basin is challenging due to dense forests and swamps. Waterways are the primary mode of transportation, with the Trans-Amazonian Highway being the only major road.

Slash-and-burn agriculture in the Amazon leads to soil depletion after a few years, forcing people to move and clear more land.

The temperate regions are located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere. These regions have a moderate climate, neither as hot as tropical regions nor as cold as polar regions.

The prairies are treeless plains in the interiors of continents located between 40 and 55 degrees latitude in the Northern Hemisphere and 30 and 40 degrees in the Southern Hemisphere.

The prairies are found in Canada and the USA. In Canada, they include Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and western Ontario. In the USA, they are found in North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin.

Before European settlement, the prairies were inhabited by American Indians.

The Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and Dakota rivers flow through the prairies in the USA, while the Canadian prairies are drained by the Saskatchewan River and its tributaries.

The Amazon River Basin, home to the largest rainforest in the world, receives heavy rainfall almost daily in the afternoon due to convectional precipitation.

The Amazon River Basin is a vast area where the Amazon River and its tributaries transport sediment from the mountains, creating a large, flat area.

The dense, evergreen rainforests of the Amazon Basin, known for their tall trees with broad leaves, form a thick canopy that blocks sunlight from reaching the forest floor.

The Amazon Basin stretches across a vast area close to the equator, leading to hot and humid weather with no distinct seasons and consistently high temperatures.

The Amazon Basin is home to valuable trees like ebony, mahogany, and rosewood, which are coveted for their strong and durable wood.