Geography Lesson 12 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is an Atoll?

  • A submerged cave
  • A long, narrow, wave-built island
  • A ring-shaped island of coral reefs (correct)
  • A body of water partially surrounded by land

    • What describes a Backshore?

  • Sand on the shoreward side of the berm crest (correct)
  • A type of coral reef
  • Sand on the seaward side of the berm
  • A vertical wall marking high tides

    • Define Backwash.

    Water returning to the ocean from waves washing onto a beach.

    What is a Barrier Island?

    <p>A long, narrow, wave-built island parallel to the mainland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Barrier Reef?

    <p>A coral reef surrounding an island or lying parallel to the shore of a continent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Bay Mouth Bar.

    <p>An exposed sandbar attached to a headland adjacent to a bay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a Beach?

    <p>A zone of unconsolidated particles extending from below the water level to the edge of the coastal zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Beach Scarp?

    <p>A vertical wall marking the landward limit of the most recent high tides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Berm?

    <p>A nearly horizontal accumulation of sediment parallel to shore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Berm Crest.

    <p>The top of the berm; the highest point on most beaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Breakwater?

    <p>An artificial structure interrupting the progress of waves to shore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Coast.

    <p>The zone extending from the ocean inland affected by marine science processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Coastal Cell?

    <p>The natural sector of a coastline where sand input and sand outflow are balanced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Coral Reef?

    <p>A linear mass of calcium carbonate assembled from coral organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Delta.

    <p>A deposit of sediments found at a river mouth, sometimes triangular in shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a Depositional Coast?

    <p>A coast where sediment deposition exceeds erosive processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Drumlins?

    <p>A streamlined hill formed by a glacier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Erosion.

    <p>A process of being gradually worn away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an Erosional Coast?

    <p>A coast where erosive processes exceed depositional ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Estuary?

    <p>A body of water partially surrounded by land where fresh water mixes with ocean water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Eustatic Change.

    <p>A world wide change in sea level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Fjord?

    <p>A deep, narrow estuary in a valley originally cut by a glacier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Fjord Estuary?

    <p>An estuary in a fjord, a steep, submerged, U-shaped valley.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Foreshore.

    <p>Sand on the seaward side of the berm sloping toward the ocean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Fringing Reef?

    <p>A reef attached to the shore of a continent or island.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Groin.

    <p>A short, artificial projection placed at a right angle to shore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a High-Energy Coast?

    <p>A coast exposed to large waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Inlet?

    <p>A passage giving the ocean access to an enclosed lagoon, harbor, or bay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Lagoon.

    <p>A shallow body of seawater isolated from the ocean by a barrier island.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Longshore Bar?

    <p>A submerged or exposed line of land lying parallel to shore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Longshore Current.

    <p>A current running parallel to shore in the surf zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Longshore Drift?

    <p>Movement of sediments parallel to shore, driven by wave energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Longshore Trough?

    <p>Submerged excavation parallel to shore next to an exposed sandy beach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a Low-Energy Coast?

    <p>A coast rarely exposed to large waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Low-Tide Terrace.

    <p>The smooth beach seaward of the beach scarp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Moraine?

    <p>Hills or ridges of sediment deposited by glaciers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Partially Mixed Estuary.

    <p>An estuary with an influx of seawater beneath a surface layer of fresh water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Reverse Estuary?

    <p>An estuary where salinity increases from the ocean to the estuary's upper reaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Rip Current?

    <p>A strong, narrow surface current that flows seaward through the surf zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Salt Wedge Estuary.

    <p>An estuary where a rapid river flow and small tidal range create an inclined wedge of seawater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Sand Spit?

    <p>An accumulation of sand and gravel deposited downcurrent from a headland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Sand Bar.

    <p>A submerged or exposed line of sand accumulated by wave action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Sea Cave?

    <p>A cave near sea level cut by processes of marine erosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a Sea Cliff?

    <p>A cliff marking the landward limit of marine erosion on an erosional coast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Sea Island?

    <p>An island whose central core was connected to the mainland when sea level was lower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Shore.

    <p>The place where ocean meets land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Supralittoral Zone?

    <p>The splash zone above the highest high tide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Swash.

    <p>Water from waves washing onto a beach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Tombolo?

    <p>An above-water bridge of sand connecting an offshore feature to the mainland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Wave-Cut Platform.

    <p>The smooth, level terrace found on erosional coasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Well-Mixed Estuary?

    <p>An estuary where slow river flow and tidal turbulence mix fresh and saltwater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Coastal Geography Vocabulary

    • Atoll: Ring-shaped coral island encircling a lagoon, often formed over submerged, inactive volcanoes.
    • Backshore: Zone of sand located landward of the berm crest, sloping away from the ocean.
    • Backwash: Water that flows back into the ocean after waves wash onto the beach.
    • Barrier Island: Long, narrow island built by waves, running parallel to the mainland and separated by a lagoon or bay.
    • Barrier Reef: Coral reef surrounding an island or paralleling the mainland shore, with a deep lagoon in between.
    • Bay Mouth Bar: Sandbar attached to a headland, extending across the entrance of a bay.
    • Beach: Zone of loose particles from below water level to the coastal edge.
    • Beach Scarp: Vertical wall indicating the landward limit of the latest high tides, aligning with the berm during extreme high tides.
    • Berm: Nearly horizontal sediment accumulation parallel to shore, indicating normal sand deposition limits by wave action.
    • Berm Crest: Highest point on the beach, denoting the shoreward limit of wave action during high tides.
    • Breakwater: Artificial structure reducing wave impact on shore, commonly safeguarding harbors.
    • Coast: Area stretching from the ocean inland, affected directly by marine processes.
    • Coastal Cell: Natural section of coastline where sand input equals sand outflow.
    • Coral Reef: Structure of calcium carbonate formed by a combination of marine organisms such as corals and algae.
    • Delta: Sediment deposit at a river mouth, often triangular and named after the Greek letter ∆.
    • Depositional Coast: Coast where sediment deposition outpaces erosion.
    • Drumlin: Streamlined hill resulting from glacier activity.
    • Erosion: Natural process of wearing away landscapes through sediment transport.
    • Erosional Coast: Coast where erosive forces dominate over deposition.
    • Estuary: Water body where freshwater from a river merges with ocean water, fostering high biological productivity.
    • Eustatic Change: Global shifts in sea level, differing from localized changes.
    • Fjord: Deep, narrow estuary shaped by glacial activity.
    • Fjord Estuary: Estuary located within a glacier-formed valley.
    • Foreshore: Sand area seaward of the berm, sloping towards the low tide mark.
    • Fringing Reef: Coral reef directly attached to a continent or island shore.
    • Groin: Structure built at right angles to the shore to reduce longshore sediment transport.
    • High-Energy Coast: Coast frequently impacted by large waves.
    • Inlet: Passage granting ocean access to lagoons, bays, or harbors.
    • Lagoon: Shallow seawater body, often isolated by a barrier, or found inside an atoll.
    • Longshore Bar: Accumulation of sand parallel to the shore due to wave action.
    • Longshore Current: Current running parallel to shore caused by angled wave approach.
    • Longshore Drift: Sediment movement along the shoreline, driven by waves.
    • Longshore Trough: Submerged area parallel to shore created by returning wave water.
    • Low-Energy Coast: Coast occasionally subjected to large wave action.
    • Low-Tide Terrace: Hard-packed beach area where wave energy is expended, crucial for significant sand movement.
    • Moraine: Ridge of sediment deposited by glacial activity.
    • Partially Mixed Estuary: Estuary with seawater inflow under a surface layer of fresh water.
    • Reverse Estuary: Estuary where increasing salinity occurs from ocean to freshwater areas due to evaporation.
    • Rip Current: Strong surface current moving seaward, caused by excess water in longshore troughs.
    • Salt Wedge Estuary: Estuary where rapid river flow leads to an inclined seawater wedge at the mouth.
    • Sand Spit: Accumulation of sand extending from a headland, often curling at the end.
    • Sand Bar: Submerged/exposed sand accumulation due to wave effects.
    • Sea Cave: Cave at sea level in a cliff formed by marine erosion.
    • Sea Cliff: Cliff marking the limit of marine erosion on an erosional coast.
    • Sea Island: Island once joined to the mainland, now isolated by rising sea levels.
    • Shore: Boundary where land meets ocean, marking high tide limits on nautical maps.
    • Supralittoral Zone: Area above the highest tides, not part of the ocean bottom.
    • Swash: Water from waves washing up onto the beach.
    • Tombolo: Above-water sand formation connecting an offshore feature to the mainland.
    • Wave-Cut Platform: Flat terrace on erosional coasts indicating the limit of marine erosion.
    • Well-Mixed Estuary: Estuary where tidal mixing regularly combines fresh and saltwater.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards on key geographical terms from Lesson 12. Each card features a specific term related to coastal geography, along with its definition. Perfect for students who want to deepen their understanding of geographical concepts.

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