Geography: Latitude, Longitude, and Mapping

Lines of Latitude and Longitude

• Latitude lines run parallel to the equator and measure distances north or south of the equator.
• Longitude lines run east and west of the prime meridian and measure distances east or west of the prime meridian.
• Both latitude and longitude are necessary to pinpoint exact locations on Earth.

Time Zones

• Earth has 24 time zones, each covering 15 degrees of longitude.
• These time zones help regulate daylight hours across the globe.

Maps

• Maps are flat representations of the Earth’s curved surface, using different projections for various purposes.
• Geologic maps help Earth scientists study large-scale geological formations.
• Most maps include a map legend that explains the symbols used on the map.
• The map scale indicates the ratio between distances on the map and actual distances on Earth's surface.

Modern Mapping

• Technology has transformed the appearance and use of maps.
• Remote sensing, a key aspect of modern cartography, utilizes satellites to gather data about Earth's features.
• Sonar is another tool for collecting data about features beneath the Earth's surface.
• GPS, a navigational tool integrated into numerous everyday objects, relies on satellites to pinpoint locations.