Geography: Latitude and Longitude Overview

Latitude and longitude are imaginary lines used for locating places on Earth.
Latitude lines run parallel to the equator, dividing the Earth into northern and southern hemispheres.
The equator is designated as 0 degrees latitude, with latitudes increasing from 0 to 90 degrees towards the north pole and decreasing (negative values) from 0 to -90 degrees towards the south pole.

Important latitude lines include:
- Tropic of Cancer
- Tropic of Capricorn
- Arctic Circle
- Antarctic Circle
These latitudes help define climate zones based on sunlight:
- Tropical Zone: Lies between the tropics, receiving the most sunlight, characterized by a warm, humid climate and heavy rainfall.
- Temperate Zone: Located between the tropics and polar circles, featuring distinct four seasons.
- Polar Zone: Found beyond the polar circles, characterized by cold, snowy conditions due to limited sunlight.

Longitude lines run from the north pole to the south pole, expanding apart at the equator and converging again at the poles.
The Prime Meridian at 0 degrees longitude divides the Earth into eastern and western hemispheres.
Longitude measurements range from 0 degrees to 180 degrees east and from 0 degrees to -180 degrees west.

Longitudes are essential for determining global time zones, as the rotation of Earth means that daytime in one region corresponds to nighttime in another.
Each degree of longitude represents a time difference of four minutes.
For example, if it’s 12 noon at Greenwich (0 degrees), it will be 12:04 PM at 1 degree east.

The position of any location is expressed as coordinates, with latitude listed first followed by longitude.
To locate a place, identify where the given latitude and longitude lines intersect.
Example: Coordinates of 20 degrees latitude and 78 degrees longitude pinpoint a location in India.

Imaginary lines used for locating positions on Earth.
Latitude lines, parallel to the equator, separate northern and southern hemispheres.
The equator is 0 degrees latitude; latitude increases to 90 degrees north and decreases to -90 degrees south.

Key latitude lines include the Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle.
Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn delineate the boundaries of the Tropical Zone, which receives maximum sunlight and has a warm, humid climate.
Temperate Zone, located between tropics and polar circles, experiences four distinct seasons.
Polar Zone, found beyond polar circles, is characterized by cold climates and limited sunlight.

Longitude lines run from north to south poles, widening at the equator and converging at the poles.
The Prime Meridian at 0 degrees longitude separates the eastern and western hemispheres.
Longitude ranges from 0 to 180 degrees east and from 0 to -180 degrees west.

Longitude is crucial for establishing global time zones due to the Earth's rotation affecting day and night.
Each degree of longitude corresponds to a time difference of four minutes.
For instance, if it’s 12 noon at Greenwich (0 degrees), it’s 12:04 PM at 1 degree east.

Location is expressed in coordinates, with latitude listed first, followed by longitude.
To locate a position, identify where the latitude and longitude intersect.
Example: 20 degrees latitude and 78 degrees longitude corresponds to a location in India.

Imaginary lines used for locating positions on Earth.
Latitude lines, parallel to the equator, separate northern and southern hemispheres.
The equator is 0 degrees latitude; latitude increases to 90 degrees north and decreases to -90 degrees south.

Key latitude lines include the Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle.
Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn delineate the boundaries of the Tropical Zone, which receives maximum sunlight and has a warm, humid climate.
Temperate Zone, located between tropics and polar circles, experiences four distinct seasons.
Polar Zone, found beyond polar circles, is characterized by cold climates and limited sunlight.

Longitude lines run from north to south poles, widening at the equator and converging at the poles.
The Prime Meridian at 0 degrees longitude separates the eastern and western hemispheres.
Longitude ranges from 0 to 180 degrees east and from 0 to -180 degrees west.

Longitude is crucial for establishing global time zones due to the Earth's rotation affecting day and night.
Each degree of longitude corresponds to a time difference of four minutes.
For instance, if it’s 12 noon at Greenwich (0 degrees), it’s 12:04 PM at 1 degree east.

Location is expressed in coordinates, with latitude listed first, followed by longitude.
To locate a position, identify where the latitude and longitude intersect.
Example: 20 degrees latitude and 78 degrees longitude corresponds to a location in India.