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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between a 'place' and an 'activity space'?
What is the primary difference between a 'place' and an 'activity space'?
Which of the following is the BEST example of a formal region?
Which of the following is the BEST example of a formal region?
Which term BEST describes the transitional zone between two distinct bioregions?
Which term BEST describes the transitional zone between two distinct bioregions?
What is the concept of 'sequent occupancy' associated with?
What is the concept of 'sequent occupancy' associated with?
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What is 'relative scale' or 'scale of analysis' in geographic terms?
What is 'relative scale' or 'scale of analysis' in geographic terms?
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Which of the following statements BEST defines a 'functional region'?
Which of the following statements BEST defines a 'functional region'?
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What is an 'intervening opportunity'?
What is an 'intervening opportunity'?
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Which of the following statements BEST reflects the concept of 'space' in geographic terms?
Which of the following statements BEST reflects the concept of 'space' in geographic terms?
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What is the main characteristic of vernacular regions?
What is the main characteristic of vernacular regions?
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What does absolute location refer to?
What does absolute location refer to?
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Which statement accurately describes Tobler's Law?
Which statement accurately describes Tobler's Law?
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What does the term 'friction of distance' refer to?
What does the term 'friction of distance' refer to?
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What does distance decay imply about interactions between places?
What does distance decay imply about interactions between places?
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Which statement best describes the concept of site in geography?
Which statement best describes the concept of site in geography?
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Which of the following describes the concept of space-time compression?
Which of the following describes the concept of space-time compression?
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In central place theory, what shape is used to analyze market areas?
In central place theory, what shape is used to analyze market areas?
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What does the term 'agglomeration' refer to in urban studies?
What does the term 'agglomeration' refer to in urban studies?
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Which type of diffusion involves movement from a first-order location to subordinate locations?
Which type of diffusion involves movement from a first-order location to subordinate locations?
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What is meant by the term 'physiologic density'?
What is meant by the term 'physiologic density'?
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How does a 'linear pattern' of distribution get defined?
How does a 'linear pattern' of distribution get defined?
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What is the primary feature of a central business district (CBD)?
What is the primary feature of a central business district (CBD)?
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Which land survey pattern is characterized by narrow frontages along a road?
Which land survey pattern is characterized by narrow frontages along a road?
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What defines 'expansion diffusion'?
What defines 'expansion diffusion'?
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What is the term for a point of origin in diffusion studies?
What is the term for a point of origin in diffusion studies?
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What is the main characteristic of a relocation diffusion pattern?
What is the main characteristic of a relocation diffusion pattern?
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Which type of map is specifically designed to show the geographic variability of a particular theme using color?
Which type of map is specifically designed to show the geographic variability of a particular theme using color?
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What defines a large-scale map in terms of its ratio?
What defines a large-scale map in terms of its ratio?
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What is a major purpose of using a dot density map?
What is a major purpose of using a dot density map?
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How does an equal-area projection differ from a conformal projection?
How does an equal-area projection differ from a conformal projection?
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Which of the following statements about thematic maps is true?
Which of the following statements about thematic maps is true?
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What type of map uses lines of varying thickness to indicate movement patterns?
What type of map uses lines of varying thickness to indicate movement patterns?
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In map scale terminology, what defines a small-area map?
In map scale terminology, what defines a small-area map?
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Flashcards
Space
Space
The geometric surface of the Earth, defined by locations and distances between objects.
Activity Space
Activity Space
The area where daily activities occur for individuals or groups.
Place
Place
An area of bounded space with human significance and importance.
Toponym
Toponym
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Regions
Regions
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Scale
Scale
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Formal Regions
Formal Regions
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Functional Regions
Functional Regions
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Vernacular regions
Vernacular regions
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Absolute location
Absolute location
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Relative location
Relative location
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Distance decay
Distance decay
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Tobler's law
Tobler's law
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Friction of distance
Friction of distance
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Space-Time Compression
Space-Time Compression
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Central Places
Central Places
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Core and Periphery
Core and Periphery
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Central Business District (CBD)
Central Business District (CBD)
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Agglomeration
Agglomeration
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Physiologic Density
Physiologic Density
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Expansion Diffusion
Expansion Diffusion
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Hierarchical Diffusion
Hierarchical Diffusion
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Contagious Diffusion
Contagious Diffusion
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Stimulus Diffusion
Stimulus Diffusion
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Relocation diffusion pattern
Relocation diffusion pattern
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Topographic maps
Topographic maps
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Choropleth maps
Choropleth maps
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Dot density maps
Dot density maps
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Flow-line maps
Flow-line maps
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Map scale
Map scale
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Equal-area projections
Equal-area projections
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Conformal projections
Conformal projections
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Study Notes
Key Concepts
- Space is the geometric surface of the Earth, defined by location and distance from other objects.
- Activity space is the area of daily activity.
- Place is a bounded area of human importance, often with a name (toponym).
- Regions are types of places, including urban, work, resource, and transportation areas.
- Places change over time, experiencing sequent occupancy (succession of groups and cultures).
- Scale is the relationship of an object or place to the entire Earth.
- Map scale shows the ratio of map distance to real-world distance.
- Relative scale (scale of analysis) is the level of aggregation (grouping) for examination, ranging from local to global.
- Regions are categorized as formal, functional, and vernacular.
- Formal regions share a uniform characteristic (e.g., common language).
- Functional regions (nodal regions) have a central place or node (e.g., a market area).
- Vernacular regions are based on the perception of residents.
Spatial Interactions
- Location is described as both absolute (coordinates) and relative (compared to known places).
- Absolute location is defined by coordinates like latitude and longitude.
- The Prime Meridian is 0° longitude, and the equator is 0° latitude.
- Time zones are 15° wide, roughly, correlating to the Earth's rotation.
- Relative location considers a place's position in relation to other places or features.
- Site refers to a place's physical characteristics.
- Situation refers to a place's interconnectedness with other places.
- Distance is measured in absolute and relative terms (linear distance or distance decay).
- Distance decay implies interactions are less likely with increasing distance.
- Tobler's Law states closer places are more related than farther ones.
- Friction of distance = the inhibiting effect of distance on interaction.
- Space-time compression is reduced time and relative distance due to technology (e.g., transportation, internet).
- Central places are nodes of human activity (often economic centers).
Spatial Models & Patterns
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Central place theory, developed by Walter Christaller, analyzes city location and economic exchange.
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Central places form hexagonal market areas.
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Core-periphery relationships show different regional characteristics (cultural, economic, etc.).
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Pattern refers to the arrangement of things in space.
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Clusters are grouped together; agglomeration is purposeful clustering.
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Random patterns have no discernible arrangement; scattered objects are dispersed.
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Linear and sinus patterns refer to straight or wavy arrangements respectively.
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Land survey patterns impact property lines and boundaries.
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Long-lot patterns are long narrow parcels next to roads or rivers.
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Density refers to the number of things per unit area (arithmetic, physiologic, agricultural).
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Arithmetic density = total number of things per unit area.
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Physiologic density = number of people per arable land unit
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Agricultural density = number of farmers per arable unit.
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Diffusion patterns describe how things spread (relocation, expansion, hierarchical, contagious, stimulus).
Maps
- Geographic Tools are essential for spatial analysis.
- Scientific maps utilize spatial analysis, utilizing quantitative geographic patterns.
- Topographic maps show elevation contours.
- Thematic maps emphasize a specific topic rather than just showcasing locations.
- Choropleth maps use color variations to exhibit geographic variability.
- Isoline maps draw lines connecting points with similar values.
- Dot density maps use dots to represent the density of a feature.
- Flow-line maps show flow direction and volume.
- Cartograms depict the size of places proportionately to their importance.
- Mental maps are personal cognitive representations of landscapes.
- Map scale = maps' size relates to the real world
- Large Scale map - zoomed in
- Small scale map - zoomed out
- Projections influence accuracy of shape and size, depending on which one is used.
- Cylindrical & Conical & Planar
- The Earth is round, so projecting a 3-D surface on a 2-D plane distorts size and shape.
- Projections aim to balance area and shape distortions.
Models
- Models are abstract generalizations, simplifying real-world features.
- Spatial models show commonalities in similar landscapes.
- Urban models examine spatial relationships and social/economic structures.
- Demographic transition models analyze population dynamics, not spatial relationships.
- Gravity models calculate interaction between places, estimating flows of people or goods.
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Description
Test your understanding of key geographical concepts, including space, place, and regions. Explore how human activities shape the environment and how different scales impact analysis. This quiz will challenge your knowledge of geographic terminology and spatial relationships.