Geography: Concept of Territory
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Questions and Answers

What are the objectives of the course?

To know the tools for engaging the transition at the territorial scale, master the notion of territorial dialogue, understand the evaluation of public policies.

What is one key role of the region in local governance?

  • Administer local schools
  • Conduct environmental assessments
  • Oversee municipal budgets
  • Manage transport policies (correct)

    • Territory only refers to administrative boundaries.

    False

    The PNR of Vercors operates under a ______ governance model.

    <p>shared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a level of local government mentioned?

    <p>National assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for the action of public actors on a territory?

    <p>Cooperation with other stakeholders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the different levels of public actors rely on for effective action?

    <p>Cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of engagement is included in the construction of local policies?

    <p>Concertation and cooperation with local stakeholders and citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cooperation in territorial governance is strictly binding.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of local actors in the construction and implementation of policies?

    <p>Local actors participate in the construction and implementation of policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are challenges faced in practice regarding local policy construction?

    <p>Absence of training for elected officials and technicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'Plan Climat Air Énergie Territorial' (PCAET) is optional for all local authorities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PCAET aim to do?

    <p>It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, transition to sustainable energy, adapt to climate change, and improve air quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the Agenda 2030 initiatives based on?

    <p>17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the 'Projets Alimentaires de Territoire' (PAT)?

    <p>The goal is to relocalize agriculture and food in territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ signed between the State and intercommunalities details a program for ecological transition.

    <p>Contract of Relance and Transition Ecological (CRTE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of local actors in the construction and implementation of policies?

    <p>Local actors participate in the construction and implementation of policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are difficulties faced in practice? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Late intervention in projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Plan Climat Air Énergie Territorial (PCAET)?

    <p>A strategic roadmap to reduce GHG emissions and address climate change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Agenda 2030 is mandatory for all local authorities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major goal of the Projets Alimentaires de Territoire (PAT)?

    <p>Relocate agriculture and food in local territories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ signs a contract detailing actions for ecological transition.

    <p>State</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the course 'Développement durable à l’échelle territoriale'?

    <p>The course focuses on tools and devices for engaging in ecological transition at the territorial scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are actors involved in local public action? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Intercommunalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The notion of territory refers primarily to administrative boundaries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the department play in local governance?

    <p>The department plays a key role in social solidarity and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Parc naturel régional (PNR) of Vercors govern its operations?

    <p>The PNR is governed by a mixed syndicate comprising various local authorities and communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some limits of cooperation at the territorial level? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Lack of individual wills to cooperate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The actors involved in public action cannot act alone due to lack of ______.

    <p>expertise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of local policies with their definitions:

    <p>Concertation regulation = Required public consultation for projects Co-construction = Collective development of strategic documents Animation territoriale = Engagement of actors in project implementation Mediation = Resolution of conflicts in project planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quels sont les objectifs du cours?

    <p>Connaître les outils et dispositifs pour engager la transition à l’échelle des territoires, maîtriser la notion de dialogue territorial, comprendre la démarche d’évaluation des politiques publiques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quels types de séances sont prévus pour la préparation de l’évaluation?

    <p>Séances de conduite de la transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce qu'un PNR?

    <p>Un Parc Naturel Régional, qui est géré par une gouvernance partagée et agit de manière concertée.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le territoire se limite uniquement aux frontières administratives.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le rôle principal des acteurs locaux dans la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques?

    <p>Participer à la construction et à la mise en œuvre des politiques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelles sont les difficultés souvent rencontrées dans la pratique des politiques locales?

    <p>Absence de formation des élus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quels sont les acteurs publics locaux mentionnés?

    <p>Tous les choix précédents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le Plan Climat Air Énergie Territorial (PCAET) est facultatif pour toutes les collectivités.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Les acteurs locaux comprennent des ______, des commerces et des associations.

    <p>entreprises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce que les Contrats de Relance et de Transition Écologique (CRTE)?

    <p>Un contrat entre l'État et l'intercommunalité détaillant un programme d'actions pour la transition écologique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est l'exemple de structure de coopération mentionné dans le document?

    <p>Intercommunalité</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quels sont les objectifs du Plan Climat Air Énergie Territorial (PCAET)?

    <p>Diminuer les émissions de GES</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quels sont les étapes de la construction des politiques publiques?

    <p>Orientation, diagnostic, plan, décision/validation, mise en œuvre, évaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce qu'un Projet Alimentaire de Territoire (PAT)?

    <p>Une démarche volontaire pour relocaliser l'agriculture et soutenir les circuits courts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Les __________ permettent de passer les politiques de la collectivité au crible des ODD.

    <p>Agenda 2030</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Concept of Territory

    • Territory, in geography, is defined as an area that is appropriated in different ways:
      • Administratively: By territorial authorities and other public or private entities.
      • By Populations: Through social, cultural, and emotional appropriation (example: neighborhood).

    ### Public Actors & Territory

    • Public actors, at different levels (state, region, department, etc.) are responsible for taking action at the local level, they are the ones that drive the implementation of policies at the local level, but not always alone.
    • The state, as the central authority, acts through decentralized services (prefectures) and other structures at the regional and departmental level.
      • Regions have key roles in transportation, economic development, territorial planning and educational policy.
      • Departments play a crucial role in social welfare (e.g., RSA, elderly care, social aid), education (colleges), and they also have some competencies in rural development.
      • Intermunicipalities (metropolises, CU, CA, CC) are key players in territorial planning and development, but their responsibilities depend on their size and the context of the intermunicipality. Intermunicipalities' competencies include housing, transportation, the environment, and more.
      • Communes are responsible for "proximity" competencies like equipment, schools, green spaces, cultural and associative life. They also act as a relay for the state in areas like police and civil status.
    • The range and depth of the local community's involvement depend greatly on their size and the intermunicipal context.
    • Public actors often rely on cooperation and dialogue, even in the absence of binding agreements.
    • Shared governance enables the association of various players for non-binding actions.
    • Cooperative structures, (e.g., intermunicipalities), require actors to work together towards a common goal.
    • Partnerships involve multiple actors in the development and management of projects (e.g., urban policies, climate plans).

    Key Concept: Public Action and Mobilization of Territorial Actors

    • Public actors are rarely capable of acting alone in specific territories because:
      • They may lack expertise.
      • Their leverage might be insufficient to reach all parts of the territory.
      • They cannot mobilize actors alone but need the support of intermediaries to act.
      • Phenomena often transcend administrative boundaries, requiring cooperation across different levels.
      • The transition towards a more sustainable future requires a strong mobilization of various actors and significant changes.

    Transition Policies & Dialogue

    • Transition policies focus on dialogue, mobilization, and cooperation among actors.
    • Examples of Public Action
      • Regional Natural Parks (PNR), as examples of shared governance structures, use concerted efforts to address environmental and social issues.
      • Syndicates Mixte: Inter-governmental bodies that involve a mix of public and private actors, including elected officials and local stakeholders.
      • The Vercors PNR: A mix of 83 communes, inter-municipal authorities, local cities, two départements, and the Auvergne-Rhone Alpes region make up the syndicat mixte.
      • Comités Syndical: The decision-making bodies for the PNR that approve budgets, programs, and elected officials within the territory.

    Construction of Local Policies

    • Steps involved in Policy Development: Diagnosis, Strategic Orientation, Action Plan, Decision/Validation, Implementation, and Evaluation.
    • Collaborative and Concerted Approaches:
      • Regulatory consultation (mandatory): Environmental assessment, public inquiries.
      • Voluntary Collaboration: Preliminary project phases, citizen conventions or citizen panels.
      • Co-construction of Roadmaps: Meetings to develop plans, such as Territorial Action Plans.
      • Actor Mobilization: Territorial action, through subsidies, information relay, and event organization.
      • Mediation in case of Conflicts: The National Public Debate Commission and other mediating structures can play a role in resolving conflicts related to major projects or development initiatives.

    Local Actors

    • Local Actors:
      • Businesses, commerce, and diverse economic structures.
      • Associations.
      • Residents.
    • These actors might be organized in networks or organizations that represent them.

    ### Challenges of Cooperation at the Territorial Level

    • Non-Binding Partnerships rely heavily on goodwill and might not always achieve desired outcomes.
    • Time Commitment: The time invested in dialogue may not align with political or project timelines.
    • Political Support: The level of political commitment and resources allocated for projects might hinder implementation.
    • Key Actors: Failing to include essential actors in the selection of stakeholders can lead to incomplete representation or inadequate participation.
    • Fundamental Disagreements: Deep-rooted disagreements regarding the role of stakeholders or legitimacy can be challenging to resolve.
    • Beyond the Territory: Some issues extend beyond the administrative boundaries of the current territory.
    • Building Relationships: Cooperation requires dedication over time and the cultivation of interpersonal relationships between local actors.

    Local Actors & Policy Construction

    • Local actors contribute to the building and implementation of policies
    • Local actors are involved through: diagnosis, strategic planning, action plans, decision/validation, implementation, and evaluation
    • Some local actors are beneficiaries of policies; others are involved as contributors, stakeholders, or information relays

    Difficulties in Practice

    • There is often a lack of training for elected officials and technical staff
    • There can be a conflict of legitimacy between the voice of local actors and the power of elected officials
    • It can be difficult to find a neutral party to facilitate collaboration and dialogue
    • There are often a lack of resources and time dedicated to these processes
    • Local actors may get involved too late in projects
    • Clear frameworks and decision-making processes are often lacking, leading to unclear roles and responsibilities
    • There is a general climate of distrust toward institutions and public action

    Local Transition Management

    • Local public action can make use of a range of tools:
      • Strategic documents like plans and programs
      • Public calls for proposals or expressions of interest
      • Subsidies and public aid
      • Public facilities and direct public management
      • Territorial animation and organization of events

    The Role of Different Public Actors

    • The state sets the overall strategic framework
    • The region defines strategic policies at the regional level
    • The department supports municipalities in their projects
    • Intercommunalities define strategic policies at the scale of their area of influence
    • Municipalities play multiple roles:
      • Mobilizing local actors
      • Engaging with residents
      • Making choices in terms of development
    • Depending on their size, municipalities have a powerful impact in their context

    Transition Action Strategies

    • All local authorities can use specific methods to effect change:
      • Using their own infrastructures, facilities, and services as models
      • Managing their land: development, choices in management, and resource allocation
      • Using public procurement
      • Territorial animation: bringing together actors, creating connections, sharing solutions, and highlighting initiatives
      • Conditioning public aid (subsidies)

    PCAET (Territorial Climate Air Energy Plan)

    • It was incorporated into the Grenelle Law in 2010 (PCET) and became PCAET in 2016 (following the law on energy transition for green growth (LTECV)
    • It is mandatory for metropolitan areas and intercommunalities with over 20,000 inhabitants, optional for all other authorities
    • It acts as a strategic roadmap for:
      • Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
      • Implementing the energy transition: reducing energy consumption, increasing renewable energies, and valuing energy
      • Adapting the territory to climate change
      • Improving air quality

    CRTE (Contracts for Relaunch and Ecological Transition)

    • They are signed between the State and intercommunalities
    • They detail a program of actions for the ecological transition of the territory and economic relaunch for the 2020-2026 period
    • These actions are funded by the local authorities and supported by the state
    • They are mandatory for intercommunalities that needed to sign one before the end of January 2022
    • The program of actions is based on the intercommunal "territory plan"
    • Intercommunalities provide data for different national indicators, which correspond to national and even European objectives
      • It allows them to position themselves; for example, in terms of the bicycle share of mobility

    Agenda 2030

    • No obligation
    • Can apply to all levels of authority
    • Follow on from Agenda 21
    • Adopted in 2015 by the UN, it is based on 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
    • Goal: to align public policies with the SDGs and identify measures to implement
    • The SDGs act as indicators for the governance of public policies

    PAT (Territorial Food Projects)

    • Voluntary initiatives at different levels:
      • Any level of authority
    • They are part of the Future Law for Agriculture, Food, and Forestry of October 13, 2014, and have been developing since 2020
    • Goal: to relocalize agriculture and food within territories
      • By supporting the establishment of farmers, short-circuit distribution, and local products in school meals
    • They address a range of topics, including social, economic, and environmental dimensions:
      • Maintaining local agriculture, short circuits, food insecurity, environmental protection
    • Developed collectively by authorities:
    • Through shared diagnosis and the creation of an action plan
    • Including farmers, food producers, artisans, and citizens

    Territorial Development: Key Actors and Approaches

    • Territorial Development emphasizes spaces with well-defined boundaries and interactions among stakeholders. It recognizes the local dynamics, including political actions and social exchanges within a specific area.
    • Public Actors in Territorial Development involve various levels of government, including national, regional, departmental, and local (communal) entities. They play distinct roles based on their assigned competencies.
    • Importance of Cooperation is crucial for successful development strategies due to the limitations of individual actors. Collaboration enables access to expertise, wider reach, and mobilizes different stakeholders.
    • Public Actors and the Role of Dialogue are key in the successful implementation of territorial development strategies. They involve various forms of collaboration including governance, cooperation agreements, and the development of shared initiatives.
    • Collaborative Structures include syndics and syndicates, fostering partnerships and project implementation.
    • Example: The Vercors Regional Natural Park exemplifies a collaborative approach between municipalities, intercommunal entities, departments, and regions, demonstrating the importance of shared governance structures.
    • Limitations of Cooperation include challenges in coordinating efforts, securing sufficient funding, and addressing complexities that extend beyond local boundaries.
    • The Building of Local Policies involves a phased approach, starting with diagnosis, strategic planning, decision-making, implementation, and evaluation.
    • Methods of Public Consultation encompass various forms of engagement, including regulatory consultations, comprehensive participatory processes, and the shared development of strategic documents.
    • Local Stakeholders include diverse actors like businesses, associations, and individual residents. Collaboration is crucial for successful development initiatives, as it addresses diverse needs and perspectives.

    Public Actors and Territorial Development

    • Local actors play a key role in constructing and implementing local policies.

    • There are various actors involved in local policy development: beneficiaries, recipients, contributors, and relay actors.

    • Difficulties arise in practice due to various factors:

      • Lack of training for elected officials and technical staff.
      • Conflict of legitimacy between the views of local actors or citizens and elected officials.
      • Absence of a neutral third party for coordinating cooperation, dialogue, and consultation.
      • Lack of resources and time dedicated to the process.
      • Intervention too late in the project.
      • Insufficient framework and unclear validation procedures, which hinders collaborative decision-making.

    Local Transition Management

    • Local public action relies on a toolbox of measures:

      • Strategic documents: Planning documents (plans and programs) can be mandatory or voluntary. Examples include Local Urban Plans (PLUs) and Urban Mobility Plans (PDUs).
      • Calls for projects/expressions of interest (AMIs): These solicit proposals for projects or initiatives.
      • Grants/public aid: These include financial assistance and provision of land or premises.
      • Public infrastructure management: The management of public facilities and assets.
      • Territorial animation: networking, fostering partnerships, sharing solutions, and promoting initiatives.
      • Organizing events: Public events can generate awareness and engagement.

    • Each public actor plays a specific role at the local level:

      • State: Sets the overall strategic framework, aligning with EU directives, for example, the SNBC, PPE, and adaptation plan.
      • Region: Defines strategic policies at the regional level, particularly for:
        • Transportation, rail, and intermodality.
        • Economy and circular economy
        • Land use planning and conservation of natural areas (green and blue corridors).
      • Department: Provides support and funding to municipalities for their development projects, with a particular focus on rural areas.
      • Intercommunality: Defines strategic policies at the level of the living area, particularly for:
        • Shared transportation and cycling.
        • Economic development.
        • Urban planning.
        • Waste management.
        • Develops mandatory and optional strategic documents, such as PLU, climate action plans (PATs), and nature plans.
      • Municipality: Intervenes by mobilizing local actors, engaging with communities and associations, and making planning decisions. Its role is largely dependent on its size and its intercommunal context.

    • Transition-related actions available to all local authorities:

      • Setting an example: demonstrating model practices in infrastructure, equipment, and service management.
      • Land management: planning, managing, and allocating land.
      • Public procurement: using procurement processes to promote sustainable practices.
      • Territorial animation: bringing actors together, building relationships, sharing solutions, and promoting initiatives.
      • Conditional public aid: linking grants to the implementation of sustainable practices.

    Territorial Transition Strategies

    • Key policies and documents for territorial transition:

      • Territorial Climate Air Energy Plans (PCAETs):

        • Mandated for metropolitan areas and intercommunalités with over 20,000 inhabitants, optional for other local authorities.
        • A strategic roadmap to:
          • Reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
          • Transition to renewable energy, decrease consumption, and valorize energy.
          • Adapt to climate change and anticipate its impacts.
          • Improve air quality and reduce air pollutants, depending on the authority's responsibilities.
        • Often involve local actors in the implementation of action plans.

      • Relance and Ecological Transition Contracts (CRTEs):

        • Contracts signed between the state and intercommunalités outlining a program of actions for ecological transition and economic recovery.
        • Implemented from 2020-2026.
        • Mandatory for intercommunalités that had signed an agreement by January 2022.
        • Actions are funded by the territories and supported by the state.
        • The program of action is based on the intercommunality's "Territorial Project."
        • Includes data on national indicators and relevant European targets, allowing the territory's progress to be measured.

      • 2030 Agendas:

        • Voluntary initiatives for all levels of local authorities.
        • A continuation of the "Agenda 21" movement.
        • Built on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the UN in 2015 as part of its agenda for sustainable development.
        • Involve assessing local policies against the SDGs and identifying actions for implementation.
        • The SDGs serve as indicators for guiding public policy.

      • Territorial Food Projects (PATs):

        • Voluntary initiatives for all levels of local authorities.
        • Rooted in the "Future Act for Agriculture, Food, and Forestry" of October 13, 2014.
        • Aim to relocate agriculture and food production within territories by supporting local farmers, promoting short supply chains, and boosting local produce in school cafeterias.
        • Address various dimensions, including social, economic, and environmental, such as:
          • Maintaining local agriculture.
          • Short supply chains.
          • Food insecurity.
          • Environmental protection.
        • Developed collaboratively by local authorities, including agricultural and agri-food companies, artisans, and citizens. Involve a shared diagnosis and the development of an action plan.

    Public Actors and Territories: Importance of Cooperation

    • Territories:
      • encompass a defined/structured space
      • defined by administrative boundaries & societal/cultural appropriation (eg. a neighborhood)
      • considered "territorial" if they have a distinct entity, with related dynamics and public policies
      • Often misused synonymously with "local authorities" or "provinces" (outside the Île-de-France region).

    Public Actors at the Local Level

    • State:

      • Regions: Regional authorities (e.g., government agencies)
      • Departments: Department-specific authorities (e.g., government agencies)
      • Intermunicipalities:
        • Metropolitan areas, urban communities, community agglomerations, and community councils
        • Bodies that foster cooperation between municipalities
      • Municipalities
      • Decentralized Services: Prefectures (government offices)

    • Competence of Local Authorities:

      • Regions: Key roles in transportation, economic development, spatial planning, education, and training (high schools, vocational training).
      • Departments: Crucial in solidarity (RSA, elderly care, social assistance), education (colleges), and rural development.
      • Intermunicipalities: Primarily involved in land use planning, development, and environmental protection. Responsibilities like housing, transportation, and environment depend on size.
      • Municipalities: Focus on "local" concerns (infrastructure, schools, parks, cultural amenities) and relay state services (police, civil registry). Their role is heavily reliant on their size and the dynamics of intercommunalities.

    Public Action and Mobilization of Territorial Actors

    • Cooperation and Dialogue:
      • Public bodies require cooperation to take action.
      • Rely on external assistance: lack of expertise, limited influence across the whole territory, and difficulty in mobilizing actors alone.
      • Need to collaborate across decision-making levels.
      • Transition projects rely on broad mobilization, calling for dialogue, cooperation, and action.

    Public Action and Mobilization of Territorial Actors: Examples of Collaboration

    • **Shared governance: **

      • Non-binding collaboration between diverse stakeholders.
      • Requires varied stakeholder groups and integrated governance.
      • Example: Regional Natural Parks (PNR) and other joint ventures.

    • Cooperative Structures:

      • Entities based on combining actors for common purposes.
      • Example: Intermunicipalities.

    • Joint Policies or Projects:

      • Require involvement of various actors in planning and management stages
      • Example: Urban policies, Climate Plans.

    • Examples of Collaboration in Action:

      • PNR du Vercors
        • Governance: Includes 83 municipalities, 7 municipalities, 5 "city-gates," the Drôme and Isère departments, and the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.
        • Decisions: Made by the "Comité Syndical" (a joint committee with voting rights) and the "Bureau Syndical" (executive body).
        • Thematic committees promote community vision and policy direction for the PNR.
        • Scientific and technical support provided by a scientific council and a nature reserve.
        • Key example of cooperation in action: the construction of new PNR charters (2024-2039).

    Limitations of Territorial Cooperation

      • Cooperation is not always binding and relies on trust and willingness of participants.*
      • Time constraints and misalignment with political timelines often hinder dialogue effectiveness.*
      • Limited political support and resources for action.*
      • Issues that extend beyond territorial boundaries make cooperation insufficient.*
      • Differences in objectives, legitimacy disputes, and interpersonal dynamics add challenges.*

    Construction of Local Policies

    • Steps:

      • Diagnosis
      • Strategic Orientation
      • Action Plan
      • Decision/Confirmation
      • Implementation
      • Evaluation

    • Local Stakeholder Involvement:

      • Regulatory Consultation (Mandatory): Like environmental assessments and public inquiries.
      • Strategic Consultation: Pre-project phase. Examples: consultations for urban projects, citizens' conventions.
      • Joint Development of Strategies: Co-creating documents like Territorial Action Plans (PAT).
      • Implementation Assistance: Organizing events, project calls, information dissemination.
      • Conflict Mediation: Mediation commissions, debates, meetings.

    • Local Actors:

      • Businesses, shops, economic entities.
      • Associations.
      • Residents.

    • Networks:

      • Organized groups representing local actors.

    Local Public Actors and the Construction of Local Policies

    • Local actors play a role in constructing and implementing policies
    • The process includes: diagnosis, strategic orientation, action planning, decision validation/contribution, implementation, and evaluation

    Difficulties in Practice with Local Public Actors

    • Lack of training for elected officials and technical staff
    • Conflict of legitimacy between the voices of local actors and citizens and the power stemming from representative democracy for elected officials
    • Absence of a neutral third party for facilitating cooperation, dialogue, and consultation
    • Lack of resources and dedicated time
    • Late intervention in projects
    • Lack of a framework (rules of the game) and an absence of defined validation procedures ("who decides what"). Good intentions do not guarantee consultation!
    • A context of mistrust towards institutions and public action

    The Local Conduct of the Transition: Toolbox of Local Public Action

    • Strategic documents include planning documents like plans and programs.

    • They can be obligatory (regulatory) or part of voluntary initiatives

    • Examples include Local Urban Plans (PLU) and Urban Mobility Plans (PDU)

    • Public action tools:

      • Calls for projects/Letters of Intent (AMI)
      • Subsidies, public aid, the provision of land or premises
      • Public equipment and management "by public service"
      • Choices regarding the management and operation of public structures and land
      • "Territorial animation" (animating a network of actors) and organizing events

    The Role of Public Actors in Transition at the Local Level

    • State: Sets the overall strategic framework, in conjunction with the EU
      • Examples include the National Biodiversity Strategy (SNBC), the European Green Deal (PPE), the Adaptation Plan, and the role of regulation (law) for local actors and communities.
    • Region: Defines strategic policies at the regional level, particularly for:
      • Transportation, rail, and intermodal transport
      • The economy and circular economy
      • Land development and environmental conservation (green and blue networks)
      • Waste management
      • Specific levers: aid to businesses (conditionality and targeting), professional training
    • Department: Supports and finances municipalities in their projects, particularly in rural areas.
      • Plays a specific role in supporting communes (townships) and has roles in transport, economic development, and urban planning.
    • Intercommunality: Defines strategic policies at the level of the community.
      • Examples include: common transportation and cycling, economic development, urban planning, and waste management.
    • Commune: Intervenes through mobilizing local actors and directly interacting with populations and associations; makes choices regarding development, in coordination with the intercommunality.
      • Their role depends heavily on their size and their intercommunal context.

    Modes of Action for Transition

    • All local authorities have a variety of tools at their disposal:
      • Serving as a model in the management of infrastructure, equipment, services, etc.
      • Managing land (development, management choices, provision)
      • The leverage of public procurement
      • "Territorial animation" bringing actors together, creating links, sharing solutions, and promoting initiatives
      • The conditional nature of public subsidies

    Territorial Transition Strategies: Key Policies and Documents

    • Territorial Climate Air Energy Plans (PCAET):

      • Inscribed in the 2010 Grenelle Law (PCET) and became PCAET in 2016 (following the law on energy transition for green growth (LTECV)) _ Obligatory for metropolises and intercommunalities with over 20,000 inhabitants, optional for other authorities
      • A strategic roadmap for:
        • Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the region
        • Pursuing energy transition (reducing consumption, increasing renewable energy, revaluating energy, etc.)
        • Adapting the territory to climate change and anticipating its impacts
        • Improving air quality and reducing atmospheric pollutants (according to the competency of the authority)
        • A program of actions on various themes, partially relying on local actors

    • Contracts for Economic Recovery and Ecological Transition (CRTE):

      • A contract signed between the state and the intercommunality detailing an action program for the ecological transition of the territory and economic recovery for the 2020-2026 period.
        • Actions financed by the authorities receive state support
        • Obligatory for intercommunalities required to sign one before January 2022
        • Created in 2017, generalized in the context of the post-pandemic economic recovery policy in 2020
        • Actions are underpinned by the intercommunality’s "territorial project"
        • The intercommunality provides figures for various national indicators that correspond to national or even European objectives and allow them to benchmark their performance (e.g., bicycle modal share)

    • Agenda 2030:

      • No obligation
      • Can apply to any level of collectivity
      • Follow on from Agenda 21
      • Based on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to align with the UN's sustainable development program adopted in 2015
      • Involve using the SDGs to assess the collectivity's policies to identify measures to implement
      • The SDGs serve as indicators for guiding public policy

    • Territorial Food Projects (PAT):

      • Not obligatory: voluntary initiatives at various levels
      • Can apply to any level of collectivity
      • Inscribed in the Future Law for Agriculture, Food and Forestry of October 13, 2014, being developed since 2020
      • Aim is to relocalize agriculture and food in territories by supporting farmer establishment, short circuits, or local products in school canteens.
      • A variety of themes: social, economic, environmental dimensions: supporting local agriculture, short supply chains, food insecurity, environmental preservation, etc.
      • Developed collectively by authorities (accompanied by agricultural and agri-food businesses, artisans, citizens, etc.): shared diagnosis and the development of an action plan.

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    M1 MIDE - SQ1 - Développement Durable à l'Échelle Territoriale 2024-2025 PDF

    Description

    Explore the concept of territory in geography, covering administrative and population-based appropriations. Understand the roles of public actors in territorial management and policy implementation at various levels including state, region, and departments.

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