Geography: Climate and Biomes Factors
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What are the factors that affect climate?

  • Zones of latitude
  • Topography
  • Wind currents
  • All of the above (correct)
  • What are the characteristics of low zones of latitude?

    Hot year-round with 2 seasons (wet and dry).

    How does latitude affect climate?

    Areas in the poles have very cold temperatures, areas between the tropics have very warm temperatures, and areas in between have mild temperatures.

    What factor of climate does latitude affect the most?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is topography?

    <p>The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does topography affect climate?

    <p>A mountain creates two climate zones, a wet and a dry side of the mountain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor of climate does topography affect the most?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are wind currents?

    <p>Air movements that transfer heat and moisture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes winds to curve?

    <p>Coriolis effect, caused by the rotation of the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What areas are characterized as wet and dry?

    <p>High pressure areas are dry and low pressure areas are wet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are high pressure areas found?

    <p>The poles and 30 degrees north and south of the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do wind currents affect climate?

    <p>They blow precipitation from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor of climate do wind currents affect the most?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ocean currents?

    <p>Underwater rivers that affect precipitation and temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ocean currents affect climate?

    <p>The temperature of water changes the temperature of the air above it, affecting precipitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor of climate do ocean currents affect the most?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is elevation?

    <p>The height above sea level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does elevation affect climate?

    <p>As air rises, it cannot hold heat or precipitation, creating a highland climate (cold and dry).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor of climate does elevation affect the most?

    <p>Temperature and precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is soil composition?

    <p>Air, water, weathered rock, humus (decayed plant and animal matter).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the layers of soil?

    <p>Topsoil, subsoil, broken rock, parent rock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ecosystem?

    <p>An interdependent community of plants and animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biome?

    <p>An ecosystem of a region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a forest biome?

    <p>Supports a large variety of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the forms of forest biomes?

    <p>Deciduous, coniferous, mixed forest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of grassland?

    <p>Tropical (savannas with wet and dry seasons) and mid latitude/temperate (steppe or prairie).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are steppes found?

    <p>Semi-arid regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a desert?

    <p>An area characterized by shrubs that store water, small leaves, thick bark, and large roots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tundra?

    <p>An area with little plant life due to permafrost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tropical humid climate?

    <p>Hot, warm, wet, with rain forests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes tropical wet and dry climate?

    <p>Warm, wet, and dry grasslands with scattered trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an arid climate?

    <p>Hot with average precipitation, drought plants, and rocky terrain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is semi-arid climate?

    <p>Hot with cool temperatures and average grassland with few trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a Mediterranean climate?

    <p>Hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Factors Affecting Climate

    • Latitude: Divided into low (hot year-round, wet/dry seasons), middle (varying temperatures with four seasons), and high (cold with two seasons).
    • Topography: Mountains create rain shadows, leading to wet and dry sides.
    • Wind Currents: Transfer heat and moisture; deserts found in high-pressure areas.
    • Ocean Currents: Underwater rivers affecting temperature and precipitation; warm currents increase precipitation, cold decrease it.
    • Elevation: Higher elevations result in colder, drier climates; air cannot hold moisture at high altitudes.

    Impact of Latitude on Climate

    • Polar regions have extremely cold temperatures; tropics are generally warm; intermediate areas enjoy milder climates.
    • Latitude primarily affects temperature.

    Topography and Climate

    • Mountains create varying climate zones (wet vs. dry).
    • Topography has the greatest impact on precipitation patterns.

    Wind Currents

    • Winds distribute precipitation from high-pressure (dry) to low-pressure (wet) regions.
    • High-pressure areas are located at the poles and 30 degrees north/south of the equator, indicating dry climates.
    • Wind currents mainly affect precipitation.

    Ocean Currents

    • Warm currents enhance air temperatures and precipitation; cold currents do the opposite.
    • The temperature of ocean water impacts the air above it, influencing precipitation capacity.

    Elevation

    • Higher elevation leads to a highland climate (cold and dry) with reduced precipitation.
    • Elevation significantly affects both temperature and precipitation levels.

    Soil Composition and Layers

    • Soil consists of air, water, weathered rock, and organic matter (humus).
    • Distinct layers include topsoil, subsoil, broken rock, and parent rock.

    Ecosystems and Biomes

    • An ecosystem comprises interdependent communities of plants and animals.
    • A biome represents an ecosystem characteristic of a specific region.

    Types of Forest Biomes

    • Includes deciduous (broadleaf) and coniferous (needleleaf) forests, as well as mixed forests transitioning between mid and high latitudes.

    Grasslands

    • Tropical grasslands (savannas) experience wet and dry seasons, while temperate grasslands (steppes) have nutrient-rich soil and deep-rooted species.

    Deserts and Tundras

    • Desert vegetation includes drought-resistant shrubs, while tundra features minimal plant life due to permafrost.

    Climate Types

    • Tropical Humid: Hot and wet rainforests.
    • Tropical Wet and Dry: Warm with distinct wet and dry seasons; characterized by grasslands and scattered trees.
    • Arid and Semi-arid: Arid regions experience high temperatures and low rainfall, while semi-arid areas have more moderate conditions with limited tree cover.
    • Mediterranean: Characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.

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    Description

    Explore the various factors that influence climate and the distinct biomes of the Earth. This quiz covers the roles of latitude, topography, wind currents, and more. Test your knowledge on how these elements interact to shape our planet's environments.

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