Geography Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which area in the figure is on a continental margin?

Area D (correct)

Area C

Area B

Area A

What is/are the advantage(s) of a multibeam sounder compared to traditional echo sounding?

It provides a swath of measurements with each sweep of the seafloor, is more detailed, more accurate, and provides information about seafloor composition.

What is bathymetry?

The study of the depth of the ocean.

If a sonar sounding had a total travel time of 5 seconds, what is the water depth?

3767.5 meters (12,360.5 feet) Signup and view all the answers

Why is Greenland currently an area of active seafloor research?

Deep ocean currents cause coastal glaciers to melt and coastal water depths surrounding Greenland have not yet been well documented. Signup and view all the answers

What feature(s) can be recognized using multibeam sonar?

Seamount Signup and view all the answers

Which statements accurately describe the depth and height of Earth's surface as shown on the hypsographic curve?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the average depth of the ocean much greater than the average height of land?

Oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust. Signup and view all the answers

In the figure, which area(s) represent(s) the middle of tectonic plates?

Area D Signup and view all the answers

In the figure, which area(s) represent(s) the abyssal plains?

Area D Signup and view all the answers

To which planet is NASA sending the spacecraft InSight to study crustal movements similar to earthquakes?

Mars Signup and view all the answers

Where would you expect to find a rift valley?

B Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an active continental margin?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What features are associated with a passive continental margin?

Continental rise and flat coastal terrain. Signup and view all the answers

What is a difference between passive and active continental margins?

Convergent active margins will have a steep continental slope, whereas passive margins will have a more gradual slope. Signup and view all the answers

Where would you expect to find graded bedding?

Deep-sea fans Signup and view all the answers

How many turbidity currents created this sequence of turbidite deposits?

4 Signup and view all the answers

How did turbidite deposits form?

They formed in deep-sea fans that were then uplifted onto land. Signup and view all the answers

Which color represents the continental shelf in the figure?

Orange Signup and view all the answers

Which statements are true regarding submarine canyons and turbidity currents?

Both A and B. Signup and view all the answers

Which location is an example of a fracture zone?

Mendocino Signup and view all the answers

Which statements are true regarding transform faults and fracture zones?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

Which label is located over a fracture zone in the figure?

Label D Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Alpine Fault located?

New Zealand Signup and view all the answers

The Dead Sea Fault separates which two tectonic plates?

Arabian and African Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Continental Margins

Dark blue areas on maps indicate deep water; lighter blue represents shallow water.
Continental margin identified in area D of the figure.

Multibeam Sounder Advantages

Offers a swath of measurements per seafloor sweep.
Delivers more detailed, accurate data on seafloor composition.

Bathymetry

Defined as the study of ocean depth.

Sonar Sounding and Water Depth

Speed of sound in water is 1507 meters/second.
A total travel time of 5 seconds corresponds to a water depth of 3767.5 meters (12,360.5 feet).

Research in Greenland

Active research due to melting coastal glaciers driven by deep ocean currents.
Insufficient documentation of coastal water depths surrounding Greenland.

Features Recognized by Multibeam Sonar

Capable of identifying shipwrecks, seamounts, tablemounts, and ridge axes.

Hypsographic Curve Insights

Ocean average depth exceeds average land height.
More individuals have reached mountain peaks than the deepest ocean trenches.
Approximately 29.2% of Earth's surface is above sea level.

Density of Crust

Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust, leading to deeper oceans.

Tectonic Plate Characteristics

Areas B and D represent the middle of tectonic plates on the hypsographic curve.
Area D indicates abyssal plains.

NASA's InSight Mission

Spacecraft is headed to Mars to study crustal movements similar to Earth’s earthquakes.

Rifts and Continental Margins

A rift valley is expected in area B of the figure.
Active continental margins are exemplified by the west coasts of the United States and Chile.
Features of passive continental margins include continental rise and flat coastal terrain.

Passive vs. Active Continental Margins

Active margins show steep continental slopes, while passive margins have gradual slopes.

Graded Bedding Locations

Found in deep-sea fans.

Turbidite Deposits

Formed from four turbidity currents in the observed sequence.
Turbidites lithified into sandstone layers uplifted onto land.

Monterey Canyon Map

Orange color designates the continental shelf.

Submarine Canyons and Turbidity Currents

Deep-sea fans consist of layered turbidite deposits 1-2 kilometers thick.
Submarine canyons incise both active and passive continental slopes.

Fracture Zones and Transform Faults

Mendocino is identified as an example of a fracture zone.
Crust on both sides of a fracture zone moves in the same direction, with transform faults classified as plate boundaries.
The Alpine Fault is located in New Zealand.
The Dead Sea Fault separates the Arabian and African tectonic plates.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards for Chapter 3 of Geography. Explore questions about continental margins and the advantages of multibeam sounders over traditional echo sounding. Perfect for quick review and deeper understanding of marine geography concepts.