Geography Basics

Geography

Continents

• 7 continents:
  1. Africa
  2. Antarctica
  3. Asia
  4. Australia
  5. Europe
  6. North America
  7. South America

Oceans

• 5 oceans:
  1. Pacific Ocean
  2. Atlantic Ocean
  3. Indian Ocean
  4. Arctic Ocean
  5. Southern Ocean (also known as Antarctic Ocean)

Mountain Ranges

• Major mountain ranges:
  • Himalayas (Asia)
  • Rocky Mountains (North America)
  • Andes (South America)
  • Alps (Europe)
  • Atlas Mountains (Africa)

Rivers

• Longest rivers:
  1. Nile River (Africa) - 6,695 km
  2. Amazon River (South America) - 6,400 km
  3. Yangtze River (Asia) - 6,300 km
  4. Mississippi River (North America) - 6,270 km
  5. Yenisei River (Asia) - 5,970 km

Deserts

• Major deserts:
  • Sahara Desert (Africa)
  • Gobi Desert (Asia)
  • Mojave Desert (North America)
  • Atacama Desert (South America)
  • Australian Outback (Australia)

Islands

• Largest islands:
  1. Greenland (North America)
  2. New Guinea (Oceania)
  3. Borneo (Asia)
  4. Madagascar (Africa)
  5. Iceland (Europe)

Capitals and Cities

• World's largest cities:

  • Tokyo, Japan
  • Delhi, India
  • Shanghai, China
  • Mumbai, India
  • Sao Paulo, Brazil

• National capitals:

  • United States: Washington, D.C.
  • China: Beijing
  • India: New Delhi
  • Japan: Tokyo
  • Russia: Moscow

Geography

Continents

• There are 7 continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America

Oceans

• There are 5 oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern (also known as Antarctic Ocean)

Mountain Ranges

Major Mountain Ranges

• Himalayas are in Asia
• Rocky Mountains are in North America
• Andes are in South America
• Alps are in Europe
• Atlas Mountains are in Africa

Rivers

Longest Rivers

• Nile River in Africa is 6,695 km long
• Amazon River in South America is 6,400 km long
• Yangtze River in Asia is 6,300 km long
• Mississippi River in North America is 6,270 km long
• Yenisei River in Asia is 5,970 km long

Deserts

Major Deserts

• Sahara Desert is in Africa
• Gobi Desert is in Asia
• Mojave Desert is in North America
• Atacama Desert is in South America
• Australian Outback is in Australia

Islands

Largest Islands

• Greenland is in North America
• New Guinea is in Oceania
• Borneo is in Asia
• Madagascar is in Africa
• Iceland is in Europe

Capitals and Cities

World's Largest Cities

• Tokyo is in Japan
• Delhi is in India
• Shanghai is in China
• Mumbai is in India
• Sao Paulo is in Brazil

National Capitals

• United States: Washington, D.C.
• China: Beijing
• India: New Delhi
• Japan: Tokyo
• Russia: Moscow