Podcast
Questions and Answers
Pakistan is located at a latitude of 30°.
Pakistan is located at a latitude of 30°.
False
The country of Bhutan is situated in the eastern part of Asia.
The country of Bhutan is situated in the eastern part of Asia.
True
Kuwait is directly adjacent to Saudi Arabia.
Kuwait is directly adjacent to Saudi Arabia.
True
Japan is shown as being in the northern hemisphere.
Japan is shown as being in the northern hemisphere.
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Morocco is positioned in the southern hemisphere.
Morocco is positioned in the southern hemisphere.
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Guatamala is located in South America.
Guatamala is located in South America.
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Senegal is a country in Africa.
Senegal is a country in Africa.
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The Republic of Guinea is found in Asia.
The Republic of Guinea is found in Asia.
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Venezuela is bordered by the Caribbean Sea.
Venezuela is bordered by the Caribbean Sea.
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Thailand is known for its cold climate.
Thailand is known for its cold climate.
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Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean.
Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean.
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Burkina Faso is located in Southeast Asia.
Burkina Faso is located in Southeast Asia.
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The primary sector of the economy is largest in highly developed nations.
The primary sector of the economy is largest in highly developed nations.
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Guam is a territory of the United States.
Guam is a territory of the United States.
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Countries classified as 'Below 10.0%' have a significant portion of their workforce in the primary sector.
Countries classified as 'Below 10.0%' have a significant portion of their workforce in the primary sector.
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More than 50% of the workforce in certain nations is involved in the primary sector.
More than 50% of the workforce in certain nations is involved in the primary sector.
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Monaco is listed as having data on agricultural employment.
Monaco is listed as having data on agricultural employment.
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Countries like Poland and Belarus are known for high agricultural employment.
Countries like Poland and Belarus are known for high agricultural employment.
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The category '25.0% to 49.9%' signifies moderate agricultural employment in nations.
The category '25.0% to 49.9%' signifies moderate agricultural employment in nations.
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Countries such as Italy and Greece have over 40% of their workforce in the primary sector.
Countries such as Italy and Greece have over 40% of their workforce in the primary sector.
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The countries listed under '10.0% to 24.9%' reflect a higher level of agricultural employment compared to those with no data.
The countries listed under '10.0% to 24.9%' reflect a higher level of agricultural employment compared to those with no data.
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The Industrial Revolution lowered the standard of living.
The Industrial Revolution lowered the standard of living.
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In high-income nations, the majority of jobs are in the tertiary or service sector.
In high-income nations, the majority of jobs are in the tertiary or service sector.
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The primary sector of the economy is responsible for producing technological advancements.
The primary sector of the economy is responsible for producing technological advancements.
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Computer technology allows people to work in fixed locations only.
Computer technology allows people to work in fixed locations only.
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The postindustrial era is characterized by people primarily working with raw materials.
The postindustrial era is characterized by people primarily working with raw materials.
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New information technology has increased the separation between work life and home life.
New information technology has increased the separation between work life and home life.
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Seventy-four percent of economic output in high-income countries comes from the secondary sector.
Seventy-four percent of economic output in high-income countries comes from the secondary sector.
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The tertiary sector involves the production of goods.
The tertiary sector involves the production of goods.
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Burkina Faso is located in South America.
Burkina Faso is located in South America.
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Barbados is an island nation.
Barbados is an island nation.
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Guinea-Bissau is situated in Central America.
Guinea-Bissau is situated in Central America.
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Honduras is a country in the Caribbean.
Honduras is a country in the Caribbean.
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Sierra Leone is known for its significant diamond deposits.
Sierra Leone is known for its significant diamond deposits.
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Djibouti is located in the Horn of Africa.
Djibouti is located in the Horn of Africa.
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El Salvador is part of the West Indies.
El Salvador is part of the West Indies.
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Nigeria has a coastline along the Atlantic Ocean.
Nigeria has a coastline along the Atlantic Ocean.
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Non-Hispanic Whites have a higher percentage of employment as Lawyers compared to African Americans.
Non-Hispanic Whites have a higher percentage of employment as Lawyers compared to African Americans.
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Hispanic Americans have the highest percentage of employment as Physicians among the groups listed.
Hispanic Americans have the highest percentage of employment as Physicians among the groups listed.
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The percentage of African Americans employed as Taxi Drivers is lower than that of Hispanic Americans.
The percentage of African Americans employed as Taxi Drivers is lower than that of Hispanic Americans.
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The data reflects a total of four different occupations for employment comparison.
The data reflects a total of four different occupations for employment comparison.
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The percentage of Security Guards employed from both Non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans is the same.
The percentage of Security Guards employed from both Non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans is the same.
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The data shows a significant employment gap for Hispanic Americans in all selected occupations compared to Non-Hispanic Whites.
The data shows a significant employment gap for Hispanic Americans in all selected occupations compared to Non-Hispanic Whites.
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No Hispanic Americans are employed as Lawyers according to the provided data.
No Hispanic Americans are employed as Lawyers according to the provided data.
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The employment rate of Non-Hispanic Whites as Taxi Drivers is higher than that of African Americans.
The employment rate of Non-Hispanic Whites as Taxi Drivers is higher than that of African Americans.
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The employment figures suggest that professional occupations like Lawyer and Physician have a lower representation of African Americans compared to Non-Hispanic Whites.
The employment figures suggest that professional occupations like Lawyer and Physician have a lower representation of African Americans compared to Non-Hispanic Whites.
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Hispanic Americans represent the lowest employment percentage in the Security Guard occupation among the given groups.
Hispanic Americans represent the lowest employment percentage in the Security Guard occupation among the given groups.
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Summarize historical changes to the economy
- Analyze patterns of employment and unemployment in the United States
- Discuss the importance of corporations to the U.S. economy
- Examine various types of political systems around the world
- Analyze the operation of the U.S. political system
- Explore global patterns involving revolution, terrorism, war, and peace
The Power of Society
- Employment patterns in selected occupations are affected by societal factors
- "High-prestige" jobs tend to be filled by people from privileged backgrounds
- "Low-prestige" jobs are more likely to be filled by those from disadvantaged racial or ethnic backgrounds.
The Economy: An Overview
- The economy is a social institution that organizes production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
- Goods range from necessities (food, clothing, and shelter) to luxury items (e.g., cars, swimming pools)
- Services are activities that benefit people (e.g., priests, physicians, teachers, computer specialists)
- Three technological revolutions (agricultural, industrial, information) have reorganized the economy and transformed social life.
The Agricultural Revolution
- Early societies were hunter-gatherers
- Agricultural technology (plows) led to increased food production (5000 years ago)
- Specialization of labor (non-food producing jobs) arose from surplus food production
- Permanent settlements (towns) and trade networks developed
The Industrial Revolution
- A technological revolution in the 18th century (starting in England)
- New energy sources (steam engine) led to more powerful machines
- Centralization of work in factories
- Manufacturing and mass production
- Specialization of labor; wage labor
- Changed the standard of living
The Information Revolution
- A technological breakthrough: the computer
- Moved from material to non-material products
- Shift from industrial work to service work
- Increased the ability for "virtual offices
Global Snapshot
- High-income nations: Three out of four jobs in the tertiary (service) sector.
- Percent of economic output in low-, middle-, and high-income countries
Global Map 13-1 Agricultural Employment
- The primary sector is largest in least developed nations
- The poorest countries of Africa and Asia have half of the labor force in agriculture
- Rich countries have only two percent of the labor force in agriculture
Capitalism
- Private ownership of property, pursuit of profit
- Competition and consumer choice
- Limited government interference
Socialism
- Collective ownership of property, pursuit of collective goals
- Centrally controlled, command economy
- Social services available to all equally
Welfare State
- Combines a mostly market-based economy with extensive welfare programs (many European countries)
- Public ownership of some industries and services, including health care, state regulation of many industries
- High taxation funds social programs
State Capitalism
- Companies are privately owned but cooperate closely with the government
- Usually include a strong partnership with the government
- Examples include Japan, South Korea, and Singapore
Global Map 13-2 Service-Sector Employment
- The tertiary (service) sector grows with industrialization
- In high-income countries, about ¾ of the labor force performs service work.
Globalization
- Today's economy is global, meaning economic activity crosses national borders
- Big companies operate internationally
- Products pass through multiple countries
Politics in the U.S.
- The U.S. is a representative democracy.
- Political culture emphasizes individualism and limited government intervention
- The welfare state provides numerous services to the population (increasing throughout U.S. history)
Theories of Power in Society
- Pluralist Model: Power is widely dispersed among interest groups.
- Power Elite Model: Power is concentrated among a small group of wealthy and influential individuals.
- Marxist Model: The political system is biased and shaped by the capitalist economy
Political Systems
- Monarchy: Single family rules generationally
- Democracy: Power resides with the people.
- Authoritarianism: Limits people's participation in government
- Totalitarianism: Government controls all aspects of life
Revolution, Terrorism, War, and Peace
- Revolutions involve overthrowing one political system for another
- Terrorism is a political strategy, not related to conventional warfare, with acts of violence against civilians
- War:Organized armed conflicts
- Peace: Nonviolent solutions are sought
Unemployment and Underemployment
- Unemployment rate is not the same across different demographics (in 2016, it was 4.9%)
- Young people and non-Hispanic African Americans have higher unemployment rates
- Underemployment refers to individuals working fewer hours than they want, or having jobs that do not use their skills
Workplace Diversity: Race and Gender
- U.S. workforce is becoming increasingly diverse in terms of race and gender
- Opportunities to work in these populations should increase in coming years due to birth rates
Workplace Issues
- Temporary workers
- Outsourcing (sending U.S. jobs overseas)
- Technological disruption (fewer jobs with automation/technology)
- Decline of labor unions
Making the Grade: The Economy
- The primary sector involves raw materials
- The secondary sector transforms raw materials into manufactured goods
- The tertiary sector provides services
Social Class, Gender, and the Military
- Lower-income individuals are more likely to serve in the military
- Fewer women serve in the military than men
- The military has become more racially diverse, but social class remains a factor
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Description
Test your knowledge of geography and the economy with this quiz. It covers countries, their locations, and insights about the primary sector of the economy around the world. From the latitude of Pakistan to agricultural employment in various nations, see how much you know!
