Geography November exam P2 (Easy)
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Questions and Answers

What type of data does GIS store?

  • Only numerical data
  • Only geographical data
  • Various types of data including geographical data (correct)
  • Non-geographical data

    • Who can upload specific data into GIS?

  • Only developers
  • Only government agencies
  • Only geographers
  • Users (correct)

    • In which sectors is GIS technology not applicable?

  • Industries
  • Urban planning
  • Education (correct)
  • Government

    • Who is involved in the development of GIS software?

    <p>Programmers, geographers, and other specialists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key use of GIS technology?

    <p>Planning and decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of GIS makes it highly flexible?

    <p>User input capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of geo-referencing aerial photographs in GIS?

    <p>To align images with geographical locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of orthophoto maps?

    <p>Ease of combining photograph visuals with map qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable disadvantage of satellite images?

    <p>High expenses associated with launches and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do vertical aerial photographs contribute to creating topographic maps?

    <p>By providing a historical perspective of geographic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with vertical aerial photographs' scale accuracy?

    <p>Only accurate at the center of the photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology advancement has improved orthophoto production speed and accuracy since 2008?

    <p>Automatic scale correction with digital mapping cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes satellite data analysis challenging?

    <p>Lack of specialized knowledge and skills required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes orthophotos from traditional aerial photographs?

    <p>$1:10,000 large scale clarity combined with map qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are recent full-color orthophotos challenging to obtain?

    <p>Difficulty in acquiring up-to-date public and professional images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major development in satellite technologies affecting mapping and geographic analysis?

    <p>Detailed data supporting precise mapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of utilizing GIS for determining optimal locations for new developments?

    <p>Dynamic and Evolving Technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aerial photograph provides a bird's-eye view of large areas?

    <p>Vertical Aerial Photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which field are aerial photographic images NOT essential?

    <p>Meteorology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes oblique aerial photographs from vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>They capture both the ground surface and the horizon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature differentiates orthophoto maps from standard aerial photographs?

    <p>They combine image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does digital information's format offer in terms of data processing?

    <p>High precision and reliability in data processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Low Oblique Aerial Photographs' differ from 'High Oblique Aerial Photographs' in terms of:

    <p>'Low Oblique' being taken at 30° while 'High Oblique' at 60°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Precision and Reliability' offered by digital information are particularly significant in fields like:

    <p>Engineering and science.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step should be taken before starting fieldwork to gather necessary background information?

    <p>Determining the type of data to be collected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used for data collection during fieldwork?

    <p>Using tape recorders, thermometers, or cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial when planning fieldwork in terms of the local context?

    <p>Actively engaging with the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should data be organized during the data analysis phase?

    <p>Classify data into categories such as fact, opinion, consensus, and notable contrasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential aspect when working in a group during fieldwork?

    <p>Ensuring roles and responsibilities are clearly assigned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key element in preparing a report after fieldwork?

    <p>Recording findings according to themes and sub-themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of map projections?

    <p>To maintain the true shape of landmasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which map projection is known for accurately showing angles and directions but distorting shapes and distances near the poles?

    <p>Mercator Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is magnetic declination?

    <p>The angle between magnetic north and true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are contours on a map used to represent slopes?

    <p>By their patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do closely spaced contours on a map typically indicate?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of map scales?

    <p>To show the relationships between distances on a map and actual distances on the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is distance measured in terms of a map scale ratio?

    <p>$1:100,000$ on the map represents 1 kilometer on the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Line Scale on a map allow for?

    <p>Direct reading of distances without calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of fieldwork in geographical research?

    <p>To collect data directly from the natural environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what step of fieldwork does a researcher typically identify a topic or issue to study?

    <p>Finding a Topic (F) step in FIELDWORK mnemonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using an atlas?

    <p>Facilitating interpretation through keys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map in an atlas focuses on altitude and topographical features like mountains and rivers?

    <p>Relief Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do compasses need to align with true north on a map for accurate direction finding?

    <p>To adjust for declination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an atlas, what do alphanumeric grids help in doing?

    <p>Locating specific areas within the map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of an atlas provides information about population density and distribution?

    <p><strong>Human Geography</strong> section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary disadvantage mentioned regarding traditional maps?

    <p>Difficulty in updating regularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map would be most suitable for understanding the political divisions between different countries or regions?

    <p><strong>Political Maps</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?

    <p>To manage and present geographical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does user input play in GIS?

    <p>It allows for the addition of highly detailed and varied information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is GIS technology used in various sectors?

    <p>Applicable across diverse fields including government and industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of GIS software development?

    <p>Requires collaboration among programmers, geographers, and other specialists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is GIS considered a decision-making and planning tool?

    <p>For determining optimal locations for new developments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does GIS store in digital format?

    <p>'Street names' and 'locations of specific sites'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes orthophoto maps from traditional aerial photographs?

    <p>Orthophotos combine image characteristics with geometric qualities, while traditional aerial photographs do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do vertical aerial photographs differ from oblique aerial photographs?

    <p>Vertical photos are taken with the camera axis tilted, while oblique photos are taken with a perpendicular camera axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using digital information in data processing?

    <p>Digital information provides high precision and reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are orthophoto maps valuable in spatial analysis?

    <p>Orthophoto maps combine image characteristics with geometric qualities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does digital information enhance data handling compared to traditional methods?

    <p>Digital formats allow for easier collection, storage, analysis, and display of vast information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of vertical aerial photographs that aids in accurate depiction of spatial relationships?

    <p>They are captured with the camera axis nearly perpendicular to the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of capturing vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>Creating detailed topographic maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable disadvantage associated with traditional orthophoto maps?

    <p>Inaccuracy at the center of the photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are recent full-color orthophotos challenging to obtain for public and professional use?

    <p>Accessibility issues in terms of obtaining images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes satellite images from vertical aerial photographs in terms of data collection?

    <p>Continuous global monitoring capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technological advancement has improved the accuracy of orthophoto production since 2008?

    <p>Automatic scale correction with digital mapping cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of orthophoto maps makes them particularly useful for detailed planning and analysis?

    <p>Large scale (1:10,000)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do vertical aerial photographs differ from horizontal photographs in terms of capturing images?

    <p>Captured directly overhead from aircraft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of utilizing GIS spatial information derived from vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>Creation of topographic maps with historical perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key disadvantage mentioned regarding satellite images?

    <p>Skill requirements for analyzing satellite data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between quantitative and qualitative data collection methods?

    <p>The type of information collected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is engaging with local stakeholders considered crucial in fieldwork?

    <p>To align the fieldwork with the local context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effective role allocation in teams during fieldwork help achieve?

    <p>Clear assignment of responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is organizing data into categories such as fact, opinion, consensus important?

    <p>To facilitate data analysis and understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of preparing a concise report after fieldwork?

    <p>To reflect an objective evaluation of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of time management and planning in fieldwork?

    <p>Organizing the timeline efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of regions do map projections aim to maintain?

    <p>Shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of map focuses on altitude and topographical features like mountains and rivers?

    <p>Relief Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of an atlas provides information about population density and distribution?

    <p>Human Geography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which map projection is known for accurately showing angles and directions but distorting shapes and distances near the poles?

    <p>Mercator Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring an angle with a compass using true north?

    <p>To establish the direction between two locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for accurate direction finding when using a compass on a map?

    <p>Alignment with true north on the map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is expected to decrease in future use as digital mapping technologies advance?

    <p>Maintaining atlases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do closely spaced contours on a map typically indicate?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do widely spaced contours on a map generally represent?

    <p>Gentle slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do alphanumeric grids in atlas maps primarily help in locating?

    <p>Specific features on the map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map would be most suitable for understanding political boundaries between different countries or regions?

    <p>Political Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of map scales?

    <p>Calculate distances accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Magnetic declination is defined as the angle between which two directions?

    <p><strong>Magnetic North and True North</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key purpose of using keys (legends) in atlases?

    <p>To facilitate ease of interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of maps in atlases show all continents and oceans, providing a global overview?

    <p>World Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map projection shows the true sizes of land masses but distorts their shapes?

    <p><strong>Robinson Projection</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do ratio/number scales on a map primarily indicate?

    <p><strong>Distance relationships</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a magnetic compass needle always point towards, aiding in determining directions?

    <p>True North on a map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes atlas maps from traditional maps?

    <p>Their collection of detailed information about various aspects of the Earth's surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key functionalities of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?

    <p>Storing and manipulating geographical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes GIS technology applicable in diverse fields including government, industries, urban planning, and environmental management?

    <p>Its versatility and wide range of applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial step in GIS software development?

    <p>Collaboration among programmers and geographers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS support decision-making and planning processes?

    <p>Through extensive use in planning and decision-making purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of GIS technology allows users to add highly detailed and varied information tailored to specific needs or projects?

    <p>Flexibility for user input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does GIS mainly store in digital format for accessibility via computers?

    <p>Geographical data like street names and locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to ensure during fieldwork for safety?

    <p>Implementing safety protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to collect data from the community during fieldwork?

    <p>Using tape recorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, what does the term 'localizing your investigation' primarily refer to?

    <p>Aligning fieldwork with the local context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when organizing your timeline for fieldwork?

    <p>Managing different phases efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool may be used for reliable data collection during fieldwork?

    <p>Thermometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, what is a key step in preparing a concise report of findings?

    <p>Recording findings according to themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of aligning images with geographical locations on the earth using GPS and survey techniques called?

    <p>Geo-referencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of satellite images in terms of data collection?

    <p>Detailed digital imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes vertical aerial photographs from orthophoto maps in terms of color?

    <p>Black and white photography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of topographic maps makes them particularly useful for detailed planning and analysis?

    <p>High scale (1:10,000)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology has contributed to the automation and speed improvement of orthophoto production since 2008?

    <p>Digital mapping cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage associated with orthophoto maps in terms of availability?

    <p>Not available for all regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key skill required for analyzing satellite data effectively?

    <p>Specialized knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are vertical aerial photographs typically in black and white?

    <p>For technical accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of orthophoto maps?

    <p>Detailed planning and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advancement has made satellite technologies more efficient for detailed mapping and geographic analysis?

    <p>Detailed data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information do atlases provide about physical features?

    <p>Elevation and temperature details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map uses colors and symbols to display specific information based on themes like climate or population?

    <p>Thematic maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of maps illustrate physical landscapes showing altitude and topographical features like mountains?

    <p>Relief maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using keys (legends) in atlases?

    <p>To facilitate ease of interpretation through symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is a fundamental skill in navigation that provides a reference point for determining directions?

    <p>Describing direction with a compass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does aligning a compass with true north on a map help in achieving?

    <p>Precise direction finding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do alphanumeric grids on atlas maps assist in doing?

    <p>Locating specific areas on the map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is crucial for accurate direction finding when using a compass?

    <p>Referencing true north on the map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do relief maps differ from political maps?

    <p>They detail physical landscapes instead of political divisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is depicted on thematic maps?

    <p>Temperature distribution patterns across regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes oblique aerial photographs from vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>They capture the sides of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do orthophoto maps differ from satellite images?

    <p>Orthophotos are corrected for topographic relief and lens distortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is crucial for ensuring accurate depiction in vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>Camera axis nearly perpendicular to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do satellite images differ from traditional aerial photographs?

    <p>They collect data in various wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of low oblique aerial photographs?

    <p>Camera is tilted about 30° from the vertical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do orthophoto maps differ from standard aerial photographs?

    <p>They combine image characteristics with geometric qualities of a map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes high oblique aerial photographs from low oblique aerial photographs?

    <p>Camera tilted about 60° from vertical for high oblique photos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of regions do cartographers aim to maintain in map projections?

    <p>Shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which projection method is known for distorting direction and distance while representing the global shape more realistically?

    <p>Robinson Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measurement of the direction of one location from another, expressed in degrees?

    <p>Bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle between magnetic north and true north called?

    <p>Magnetic Declination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do closely spaced contours on a map typically indicate?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Finding a Topic' is a step in fieldwork, aimed at identifying what type of issue?

    <p>Community issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do widely spaced contours on a map generally indicate?

    <p>Gentle slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fieldwork' in geographical research involves direct data collection in which environment?

    <p>'Natural' environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Measure Bearings' help in navigation by providing the measurement of the direction between what?

    <p>'Magnetic North' and 'True North'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Contours' on a map connect points of equal elevation and are crucial for understanding what aspect of an area?

    <p>'Topography'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?

    <p>Capturing and analyzing geographical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key components of GIS technology that allows for the addition of highly detailed and varied information tailored to specific needs?

    <p>User input functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is GIS software development described?

    <p>A collaborative effort among programmers, geographers, and specialists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector benefits from the versatility of GIS technology according to the text?

    <p>Urban planning and environmental management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does GIS typically play in decision-making processes?

    <p>Supporting land planners and government agencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a core functionality of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?

    <p>Software development automation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of satellite images?

    <p>Represented in digital format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do low oblique aerial photographs differ from high oblique aerial photographs?

    <p>Camera tilted more towards vertical in high oblique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of orthophoto maps compared to traditional aerial photographs?

    <p>Uniform scale across the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>Taken with camera axis nearly perpendicular to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes oblique aerial photographs from vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>Tilted camera capturing sides of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is interoperability important in handling digital data?

    <p>Allows sharing and integration across platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of using GIS for spatial analysis and visualization?

    <p>Enhanced data handling capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes orthophoto maps compared to traditional maps?

    <p>&quot;Uniform scale&quot; corrected images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "True North" is typically used in navigation for what purpose?

    <p>&quot;Accurate direction&quot; determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes digital information from traditional data formats?

    <p>Increased precision and reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information do atlas maps provide about political boundaries?

    <p>Names of places</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of maps in atlases focuses on illustrating the physical landscape and showing altitude?

    <p>Relief Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do alphanumeric grids in atlas maps primarily help in?

    <p>Locating specific areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a magnetic compass in navigation?

    <p>Determining directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In map skills, what does the term 'Latitude' refer to?

    <p>Distance north or south of the Equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map in an atlas would be most useful for someone interested in understanding global spatial relationships?

    <p>World Map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a compass needle point towards in order to provide a reference point for determining directions?

    <p>'True North'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common disadvantage mentioned about maintaining up-to-date maps?

    <p>'High Update Costs'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do keys (legends) play in interpreting atlas maps effectively?

    <p>'Explaining Map Symbols'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Map Scale' on a map primarily indicates the relationship between what two elements?

    <p>'Distance on the Map and Actual Distance on the Ground'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do map projections aim to preserve?

    <p>True shape of regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does magnetic declination represent?

    <p>The angle between magnetic north and true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which map projection is known for conserving relative landmass shapes but distorting direction and distance?

    <p>Robinson Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do closely spaced contours on a map signify?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are distances on the ground calculated using map scales?

    <p>By multiplying map distances with a scale factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Finding a Topic' is a crucial step in fieldwork, typically accomplished through:

    <p>Brainstorming and discussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fieldwork' as a mnemonic stands for:

    <p>'Find, Implement, Explore, Learn, Document, Work'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'True North' represents the direction towards which point on Earth?

    <p>'Geographic North Pole'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Direction' in map projections aims to accurately depict what?

    <p>'Directions between points'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Contour lines on a map connect points of equal elevation and provide information about which terrain feature?'

    <p>'Topography'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration during the preliminary research phase of fieldwork?

    <p>Identifying information sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool would be most appropriate for collecting reliable and valid data during fieldwork?

    <p>Tape recorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of theme development in fieldwork?

    <p>To classify data into categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to organize the timeline and manage different phases of fieldwork efficiently?

    <p>To complete the project within the set deadlines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step focuses on deciding whether the data to be collected is quantitative or qualitative?

    <p>Data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of map projections that cartographers aim to maintain?

    <p>Maintaining accurate distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of vertical aerial photographs in terms of spatial data?

    <p>They provide a historical perspective of geographic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes orthophoto maps from standard aerial photographs?

    <p>Orthophoto maps combine the visual detail of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable disadvantage of satellite images compared to other aerial photographs?

    <p>Satellite images are expensive to maintain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key development has enhanced orthophoto production since 2008?

    <p>Introduction of automated cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic best describes topographic maps at a scale of 1:50,000?

    <p>They display both natural and human-made features in detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are recent full-color satellite images challenging to obtain for public and professional use?

    <p>High expenses associated with satellite data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Population Distribution refer to?

    <p>How people are spread across Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for low population densities in Mountainous Regions?

    <p>Inaccessible terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of conducting a Census every ten years?

    <p>To collect demographic data about every person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Cold Regions tend to have low population densities?

    <p>Extreme weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discourages dense human settlement in Densely Forested Tropical Regions?

    <p>Accessibility issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to low population densities in Desert Areas?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key information is collected in a census?

    <p>Age, sex, occupation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the birth rate in a population?

    <p>To understand the growth potential of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the death rate provide insights into about a population?

    <p>General health and longevity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence fertility rate according to the text?

    <p>Level of education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do population pyramids typically graphically display about a population?

    <p>Age and gender breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of economy would you expect to find a population pyramid with a wide base and narrow top?

    <p>Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trends in birth rates and death rates be gleaned from according to the text?

    <p><strong>Population pyramids</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial insights do analysts gain by analyzing population structures?

    <p><strong>Urban planning decisions</strong>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is natural increase calculated according to the text?

    <p>By subtracting death rate from birth rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do life expectancy measurements help understand about a population?

    <p>General health and mortality rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main drivers of migration, categorized as forces causing people to leave or attracting them to new locations?

    <p>Wars and conflicts, bad treatment based on race, religion, or politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to urbanization as discussed in the text?

    <p>Increased agricultural practices in rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the cycle of poverty in rural areas as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Decreased productivity and economic decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of movement involves regular travel between home and work as discussed?

    <p>Daily movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge faced by refugees and immigrants as discussed in the text?

    <p>Hostility or discrimination based on resource constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of AIDS according to the text?

    <p>Weakening of the immune system by a virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    KwaZulu-Natal saw an increase in HIV infection rates from 11.7% to 15.8%, showing a trend of:

    <p>Decreasing infection rates over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Families and communities are destabilized by HIV and AIDS primarily due to:

    <p>Overwhelmed healthcare facilities demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common state of water on Earth?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is crucial for cloud formation?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is fresh water?

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is identified as the most affected by HIV and AIDS?

    <p>20-49 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does evapotranspiration involve?

    <p>Evaporation from water bodies and plant transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of Earth's fresh water reside?

    <p>Icecaps and glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the gender disparity related to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Higher infection rates in women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ice is frozen water and is less dense than liquid water' due to what?

    <p>Water molecule expansion when freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Water vapor' forms when?

    <p>'Liquid water' evaporates into gas form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Salt Water (Oceans)' hold approximately how much of Earth's total water?

    <p>~97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental issue related to the world's oceans?

    <p>Overfishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the movement of ocean currents?

    <p>Atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of oxygen production in oceans?

    <p>Algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a renewable energy resource derived from oceans?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is used to provide fresh water from seawater?

    <p>Desalination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic activity related to oceans?

    <p>Fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical region experiences the influence of both warm and cold ocean currents?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental consequence does overfishing lead to?

    <p>Depleted fish populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do warm currents play in influencing climate patterns?

    <p>Heating the air above them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key physical cause of floods as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Geographical relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can human activities exacerbate the frequency and severity of floods?

    <p>Deforestation and poor farming practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do hydrographs help in understanding?

    <p>River discharge over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effective flood management strategy mentioned in the text?

    <p>Constructing barriers and levees to prevent overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of floods on society as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Causing extensive damage to infrastructure and agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of specific flood management strategy for urban areas?

    <p>Prohibiting development on floodplains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urbanization affect lag time in flood situations?

    <p>Shortens lag time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to coastal flooding according to the text?

    <p>High tides combined with strong winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does faulty water management lead to, according to the text?

    <p>Rapid water release causing downstream flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity is associated with increased surface runoff causing floods?

    <p>Deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of South Africa that makes water a critical and scarce resource?

    <p>Low average rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change impact water management in South Africa according to the text?

    <p>Decrease in rainfall and shorter dry spells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do urbanization and human activities affect water resources in South Africa?

    <p>Cause increased runoff and pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major role do municipalities play in water management in South Africa?

    <p>Buying, purifying, and distributing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one sustainable strategy mentioned for water conservation in South Africa?

    <p>Recycling water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge related to the implementation of Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable impact of dams on ecosystems, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Disruptions in traditional living areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is agricultural runoff a concern for water quality in South Africa?

    <p>It contributes to water pollution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary strategies for sustainable water use mentioned in the text?

    <p>Restoring wetlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the rapid increase in the global population since 1800?

    <p>Improvements in medicine leading to reduced death rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is experiencing about 95% of the current global population growth?

    <p>Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of the Demographic Transition Model does urbanization lead to decreased birth rates?

    <p>Late Expanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a population structure in the Expanding stage of the Demographic Transition Model?

    <p>Wide base reflecting high birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is given as an example of high density but not being overpopulated due to rising living standards?

    <p>Singapore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do projections indicate as a potential global population by the year 2050?

    <p>9 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification reflects movement between countries that can be either permanent or temporary?

    <p>International Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of population movement specifically refers to movement within the same country?

    <p>'Internal Migration'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Overpopulation' is not solely dependent on population density but also on what factor?

    <p>'Living standards'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Population Distribution' refer to?

    <p>How people are spread across the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Population Density' measure?

    <p>The number of people living per unit area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary factor contributing to low population densities in Mountainous Regions?

    <p>Harsh living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Desert Areas typically have low habitation?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Census?

    <p>Collects demographic information about every person in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Population Density help in understanding?

    <p>How densely or sparsely a region is populated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of collecting census data?

    <p>To assist in future resource planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the rate of natural increase calculated?

    <p>By subtracting the death rate from the birth rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences life expectancy according to the text?

    <p>Level of education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are population pyramids typically structured?

    <p>Females on the left, males on the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do wide bases in population pyramids indicate?

    <p>High birth rates and low life expectancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects fertility rate according to the text?

    <p>Cultural norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure provides insights into a population's general health?

    <p><strong>Death Rate</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do horizontal bars represent in population pyramids?

    <p><strong>Percentage of Population within Age Groups</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable demographic characteristic that can be derived from analyzing population pyramids?

    <p>Infant mortality trends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to understand the growth potential of a population?

    <p>Fertility Rate calculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason attributed to the 'population explosion'?

    <p>Advancements in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stages of the Demographic Transition Model does the population growth slow down?

    <p>Stage 3 and 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is considered overpopulated despite having low population density according to the text?

    <p>Somalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected global population by the year 2200 according to the text?

    <p>10.4 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by a very slow population growth?

    <p>Stage 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor determining if a country is considered overpopulated according to the text?

    <p>Population density only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model sees a shift towards education and careers over family expansion?

    <p>Stage 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of countries are experiencing about 95% of current global population growth?

    <p>'Less Economically Developed Countries'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Stationary' population structures have a narrower base due to what factor?

    <p>'Declining birth rates'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Expanding' population structures in the Demographic Transition Model are characterized by what?

    <p>'Wide base reflecting high birth rates'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes migration due to compulsion without a choice?

    <p>Forced migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a push factor for migration?

    <p>Unsafe conditions due to crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of death in Southern Africa according to the text?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which province showed an increase in HIV infection rates from 2002 to 2008?

    <p>KwaZulu-Natal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern regarding the economy as a result of HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Significant losses in workforce productivity due to illness and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes urbanization as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Influenced by complex social factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges do immigrants and refugees often face according to the text?

    <p>Discrimination and hostility based on perceived resource strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between HIV and AIDS as mentioned in the text?

    <p>HIV represents the virus while AIDS is the advanced stage of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the cycle of poverty in rural areas as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Neglected farms due to decreased productivity from migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does HIV and AIDS have on healthcare facilities according to the text?

    <p>Overwhelmed by the need for AIDS-related treatment services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the world's fresh water is stored in icecaps and glaciers?

    <p>68.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the cooling and condensing of water vapor into clouds?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is saltwater, mainly found in oceans?

    <p>97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water has the property of being less dense than liquid water?

    <p>Ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface?

    <p>Liquid Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second largest reserve of fresh water on Earth?

    <p>Groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves some of the water that reaches the ground infiltrating into the soil?

    <p>Infiltration and Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of ocean currents?

    <p>Regulating global weather patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily influences the movement of deep ocean currents?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm ocean currents impact the air above them?

    <p>Heat the air, increasing its water vapor capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of overfishing on marine biodiversity?

    <p>Reduced fish stocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic activity relies heavily on the nutrient-rich cold waters of ocean currents?

    <p>Fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do warm ocean currents play in global shipping routes?

    <p>Facilitate efficient shipping routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is increasingly used to provide fresh water from seawater?

    <p>Boiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major cause of ocean pollution according to the text?

    <p>Oil spills and waste dumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Coriolis effect influence ocean currents' movement in the Southern Hemisphere?

    <p>Causes deflection to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role do ocean currents play in climate patterns according to the text?

    <p>Heating or cooling the air above them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average annual rainfall in South Africa compared to the global average?

    <p>450 mm, lower than the global average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of South Africa experiences no rain in winter and also lacks summer rain?

    <p>South-western part of the Western Cape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of dams on ecosystems and biodiversity?

    <p>Disrupting ecosystems and biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urbanization impact water quality according to the text?

    <p>Results in polluted waters requiring expensive treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge in implementing the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy in South Africa?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints in rapidly urbanizing areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strategy for sustainable water use mentioned in the text?

    <p>Recycling water and reducing wastage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do municipalities contribute to water management in South Africa?

    <p>Buying and distributing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do dams primarily provide in terms of water usage?

    <p>Water for urban needs, recreation, irrigation, hydroelectric power, and flood control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process contributes to water pollution by fertilizers and pesticides according to the text?

    <p>Eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area in South Africa is predicted to experience longer dry spells due to climate change?

    <p>Interior and north-eastern areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause sudden floods in regions with heavy snowfall?

    <p>Rapid snow melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urbanization typically affect lag time and discharge in flood situations?

    <p>Decreases lag time, increases discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity can lead to downstream flooding as a result of faulty water management?

    <p>Rapid water release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key physical cause of floods related to low-lying areas?

    <p>Geographical Relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do debris obstructions in water flow contribute to flooding?

    <p>Cause rivers to overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of constructing barriers and levees in flood risk management?

    <p>Prevent overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hydrographs in understanding river discharge over time?

    <p>Depicting discharge patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do strong onshore winds combined with high tides contribute to coastal flooding?

    <p>Result in significant coastal flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Population Distribution refer to?

    <p>How people are spread across the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for low population densities in Desert Areas?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Mountainous Regions typically have low population densities?

    <p>Inaccessible terrain and harsh living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Census process?

    <p>To collect demographic information about every person in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to low habitation in Densely Forested Tropical Regions?

    <p>Accessibility issues and harsh living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Population Density typically expressed?

    <p>Per square kilometer or square mile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by urbanization leading to decreased birth rates?

    <p>Stage 3 - Late Expanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is considered overpopulated despite having low density?

    <p>Somalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement involves migrants settling in a new location indefinitely?

    <p>Immigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current global population projection around the year 2200?

    <p>10.4 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model sees declining birth rates as priorities shift towards education and careers over family expansion?

    <p>Stage 5 - Declining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor determines if a country is considered overpopulated according to the text?

    <p>Both population density and economic system sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement involves people regularly traveling between their home and work locations?

    <p>Internal Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by slow population growth due to low birth and death rates?

    <p>Stage 4 - Low Stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the birth rate measure?

    <p>The number of live births per 1,000 people per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the life expectancy metric indicate?

    <p>The average number of years a person is expected to live based on current mortality levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the fertility rate influenced according to the text?

    <p>By socio-economic conditions and cultural norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is natural decrease in a population?

    <p>When the death rate exceeds the birth rate, leading to a decline in population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in influencing death rates?

    <p>Healthcare quality and living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is migration related to population changes?

    <p>Migration and wars can dramatically alter population figures and structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred from analyzing population pyramids?

    <p>Trends in birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Natural Increase' in a population occurs under which condition?

    <p>'Natural Increase' occurs when birth rates exceed death rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is depicted using population pyramids?

    <p>The age and gender breakdown of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do LEDCs typically exhibit in their population pyramids?

    <p>A wide base and narrow top</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between voluntary and forced migration?

    <p>Voluntary migration is based on personal choice, while forced migration is due to compulsion and lack of choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are push factors related to migration?

    <p>Food shortages and wars/conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urbanization impact rural areas?

    <p>Leads to neglected farms and economic decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes seasonal movements in the context of human geography?

    <p>Transhumance moving livestock between seasonal pastures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do immigrants and refugees often face challenges according to the text?

    <p>Based on the perception that they strain local resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of HIV infection rates in Southern Africa?

    <p>Spread through body fluids with weakened immune systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do HIV and AIDS affect families and communities socially and economically?

    <p>Destabilizing families through loss of income and increased healthcare costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Workforce impact' mentioned in relation to HIV and AIDS refers to:

    <p>'Significant losses in productivity due to illness and death'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Overwhelmed healthcare facilities' related to HIV and AIDS primarily suffer from:

    <p>'Increased demand for treatment'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the oceans in oxygen production?

    <p>Contributing to nearly half of oxygen production through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is a significant threat to marine biodiversity according to the text?

    <p>Overfishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of surface ocean currents?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do cold ocean currents play in influencing climate?

    <p>Leading to drier conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy resources are sourced from the oceans according to the text?

    <p>Solar and wind energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic activity related to oceans mentioned in the text?

    <p>Fishing industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is increasingly used to provide fresh water from seawater?

    <p>Desalination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major cause of ocean pollution according to the text?

    <p>Runoff from agricultural activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issue prompted strategies for better waste management and pollution control?

    <p>Ocean pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most affected by HIV and AIDS in terms of economic productivity?

    <p>20-49 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of gender disparity in HIV infection rates?

    <p>Higher infection rates in women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of high death rates within the productive age group due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Altered demographic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the formation of clouds from water vapor?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most of the Earth's fresh water stored?

    <p>Icecaps and glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes water molecules to expand and move further apart, leading to ice formation?

    <p>Cooling and freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Evapotranspiration' involves which two primary processes?

    <p>Evaporation and transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Runoff' primarily involves the excess flow of water over the surface into which of the following?

    <p>Lakes and rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role of 'precipitation' in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Return of water from atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can exacerbate the frequency and severity of floods, according to the text?

    <p>Deforestation and Poor Farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical cause can lead to significant coastal flooding?

    <p>High Winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect displayed by hydrographs for understanding river discharge over time?

    <p>Land Use Effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy aims to manage flood risks by establishing early warning systems and providing flood risk education in rural areas?

    <p>Establishing Early Warning Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are low-lying areas particularly susceptible to flooding?

    <p>As a result of geographical relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key element influences the flood potential and risks according to lag time in hydrographs?

    <p>Time between peak rainfall and peak discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to rivers overflowing by causing obstructions in water flow?

    <p>Debris Accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity enhances flood risks by accelerating runoff and decreasing natural water absorption?

    <p>'Urbanization'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Faulty dams or rapid water release' leading to downstream flooding is an example of poor:

    <p>'Water Management'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Impact on Society', 'Flood Defences', and 'Policy Development' are key aspects of which strategy according to the text?

    <p>'Flood Risk Management'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge posed by climate change to water management in South Africa?

    <p>Predicted decrease in rainfall by 5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dams in South Africa as discussed in the text?

    <p>Controlling floods and providing water for various needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the challenges faced in implementing the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Limited logistical and financial capabilities in rapidly urbanizing regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of dams on ecosystems according to the text?

    <p>Leading to flooding and disruptions of traditional living areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do South African rivers differ from major African rivers like the Zambezi?

    <p>As a result of the absence of large lakes in South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary strategy discussed for sustainable water use in South Africa?

    <p><em>Conserving water through recycling, reducing wastage, and non-pollution practices</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do agricultural activities contribute to water pollution in South Africa?

    <p><em>Through processes like eutrophication caused by fertilizers and pesticides</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Population Density' measure?

    <p>The number of people living per unit area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to low habitation in Desert Areas?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of conducting a Census?

    <p>To collect demographic information about every person in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to lower population densities in Mountainous Regions?

    <p>Challenging living conditions due to rugged terrain and harsh climates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Densely Forested Tropical Regions deter dense human settlement?

    <p>Harsh living conditions and lack of accessibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes regions with low Population Density?

    <p>Harsh climates and extreme weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the birth rate metric help understand?

    <p>Growth potential of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can lead to a natural decrease in population?

    <p>Higher death rate than birth rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the age and gender structure of a population depict through population pyramids?

    <p>Age and gender breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor influencing fertility rates according to the text?

    <p>Access to education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the rate of natural increase calculated?

    <p>$\frac{\text{Birth rate} - \text{Death rate}}{100}\times1000$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do wide bases in population pyramids typically indicate?

    <p>Rapid population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional factor besides income influences fertility rates?

    <p>Family planning services availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is life expectancy considered a crucial metric for understanding populations?

    <p>To assess future healthcare needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly impacts death rates in a population according to the text?

    <p>Quality of healthcare services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do natural decrease and natural increase differ in terms of population trends?

    <p>Natural increase implies the birth rate is higher than the death rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common state of water on Earth?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is fresh water?

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process releases water vapor into the air?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most of Earth's fresh water found?

    <p>In icecaps and glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What state of water expands and moves further apart when it freezes?

    <p>Solid ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hydrological cycle involves cloud formation?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does water vapor form in the atmosphere?

    <p>As a product of condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second largest reserve of fresh water on Earth?

    <p><strong>Groundwater</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key physical cause of floods according to the text?

    <p>Rapid snow melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can urbanization contribute to increased flood risks?

    <p>Accelerating surface runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is essential for understanding changes in river discharge over time?

    <p>Hydrograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of flood risk management strategies?

    <p>Shortening lag time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common impact of floods on society highlighted in the text?

    <p>Spread of water-borne diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of constructing barriers and levees in flood risk management according to the text?

    <p>To prevent water overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urbanization affect lag time and discharge in rivers?

    <p>Decrease lag time, increase discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the significant growth in the global population since 1800?

    <p>Decrease in death rates because of advancements in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by low birth and death rates leading to population stabilization?

    <p>Stage 4 – Low Stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of a population structure corresponding to the Expanding stage of the Demographic Transition Model?

    <p>Wide base reflecting high birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of overpopulation, what factor is emphasized besides population density?

    <p>Economic system's ability to sustain living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is noted as being overpopulated despite having low density due to falling living standards?

    <p>Somalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Demographic Transition Model illustrate?

    <p>Changes in birth and death rates across stages of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movements does 'Internal Migration' refer to?

    <p>Movement within the same country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes 'Permanent Migration' from 'Temporary Migration' as per the text?

    <p>Permanent migrants settle in the new location indefinitely, while temporary migrants intend to return home after a period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of development does urbanization lead to decreased birth rates according to the Demographic Transition Model?

    <p>Stage 3 – Late Expanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criterion classifies 'International Migration' as 'Temporary'?

    <p>Migrants intend to return to their home country after a period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes migration due to compulsion without a choice?

    <p>Forced migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ocean currents in influencing climate patterns?

    <p>Affecting air temperature by heating or cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily drives surface currents in the oceans?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT contribute to rural-urban migration according to the text?

    <p>Decreased productivity in urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of South Africa experienced a decrease in HIV infection rates from 2002 to 2008?

    <p>Gauteng</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of oxygen production in the oceans mentioned in the text?

    <p>Algae and plankton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of death in countries like Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe according to the text?

    <p>HIV/AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows along the east coast of South Africa and influences local climate and marine life?

    <p>The Agulhas Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major economic activity associated with nutrient-rich cold waters and currents like the Benguela?

    <p>Overfishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does HIV differ from AIDS based on the information provided?

    <p>HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of energy resources, what makes oceans different from other sources?

    <p>Oceans offer both renewable and non-renewable energy resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the destabilization of families and communities due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Loss of income and increased healthcare costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle between magnetic north and true north called?

    <p>Magnetic declination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental problem arises due to overfishing in the oceans?

    <p>Reduced fish populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ocean pollution primarily affect marine life according to the text?

    <p>It has devastating effects on marine life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is crucial for addressing challenges related to migration according to the text?

    <p><strong>Social, economic, and political factors' interplay</strong> understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key purpose of desalination processes mentioned in the text?

    <p>To provide fresh water from seawater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the significant economic impact of HIV and AIDS according to the text?

    <p><strong>Death-related losses in productivity</strong> in sectors like agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm ocean currents contribute to local economies along coastlines?

    <p>They attract tourists and bolster economies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average annual rainfall in South Africa, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>450 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some areas in South Africa experience decreased runoff according to the text?

    <p>Decreased rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the uses of dams in South Africa, based on the text?

    <p>Controlling floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge arises from the implementation of Free Basic Water (FBW) policy according to the text?

    <p>Policy compliance issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What human activity contributes to water pollution through processes like eutrophication in South Africa?

    <p>Fertilizer and pesticide use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the actual implementation of the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy challenging according to the text?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do municipalities play in water management in South Africa?

    <p>Buying, purifying, and distributing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the impacts of dams mentioned in the text?

    <p>Increasing flooding risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change pose challenges to water management in South Africa?

    <p>By lengthening dry spells and increasing floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy for sustainable water use mentioned in the text?

    <p>Recycling water and reducing wastage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Population Distribution refer to?

    <p>How people are spread across the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to low habitation in Mountainous Regions?

    <p>Challenging living conditions due to rugged terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Cold Regions typically have low population densities?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Census collect information about?

    <p>Demographic information about every person in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant reason for low habitation in Desert Areas?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Population Density measure?

    <p>How densely a region is populated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the global population projected to stabilize around by the year 2200?

    <p>10.4 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by urbanization leading to decreased birth rates?

    <p>Stage 3 – Late Expanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of a population structure corresponding to the Declining stage of the Demographic Transition Model?

    <p>Narrow base due to low birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines if a country is considered overpopulated according to the text?

    <p>Both population density and economic system's ability to sustain or improve living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is given as an example of successful family planning to control population growth?

    <p>Singapore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern raised by projections indicating a potential global population of 9 billion by 2050?

    <p>Resource depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Internal Migration' refers to movement within which geographical entity?

    <p>The same country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Overpopulation' is not solely dependent on population density but also on what factor?

    <p>'Economic system's ability to sustain or improve living standards'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Temporary International Migration' differs from 'Permanent International Migration' in terms of what factor?

    <p>'Duration of stay'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Urbanization' in the Demographic Transition Model leads to what effect on birth rates?

    <p>Decrease due to factors related to an urban lifestyle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the birth rate measure?

    <p>Number of live births per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the rate of natural increase calculated?

    <p>Subtracting the birth rate from the death rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the fertility rate of a population?

    <p>Access to education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is life expectancy an important metric for understanding populations?

    <p>Reflects the general health and longevity of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do population pyramids visually represent?

    <p>Age and gender breakdown of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence birth rates according to the text?

    <p>Life expectancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes LEDCs from MEDCs in terms of population pyramid shapes?

    <p>'Narrow top' indicating lower birth rates in LEDCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of predicting future needs based on demographic trends?

    <p>To plan for services like healthcare and transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are death rates influenced according to the text?

    <p>Healthcare quality and nutritional standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of collecting information about age and gender structure?

    <p>To provide insights into how and where people live</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between voluntary migration and forced migration?

    <p>Voluntary migration is based on personal choice, while forced migration occurs due to compulsion and unsafe conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common push factor for migration highlighted in the text?

    <p>Unsafe conditions due to crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant effect of rural-urban migration on neglected farms?

    <p>Decreased productivity leading to economic decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences people in temporary movements like migrant laborers?

    <p>Economic opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major challenge do immigrants and refugees often face according to the text?

    <p>Perception of straining local resources and job competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HIV represent at the most advanced stage of infection?

    <p><strong>AIDS</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region does Southern Africa experience some of the highest HIV infection rates globally?

    <p><strong>Southern Africa</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a social effect of HIV and AIDS on families and communities according to the text?

    <p><strong>Loss of income and increased healthcare costs</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant impact does HIV have on the economy according to the text?

    <p><strong>Reduced productivity and increased healthcare costs</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in Southern Africa experienced a decrease in HIV infection rates from 2002 to 2008 according to the text?

    <p><strong>Gauteng</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is found in icecaps and glaciers?

    <p>68.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process results in the formation of clouds?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does ice float on water?

    <p>Because ice expands and is less dense than liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common state of water on Earth's surface?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water is present in the air and forms clouds?

    <p>Water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Evapotranspiration" refers to which combined process?

    <p>Evaporation from water bodies and Transpiration from plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the high death rates within the productive age group due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Significant alteration of demographic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does liquid water conform to the shape of its container?

    <p>Characterized by its fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor influencing deep ocean currents?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant threat to marine biodiversity mentioned in the text?

    <p>Overfishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic activity obtains a quarter of the world's fish harvest from nutrient-rich cold waters?

    <p>Fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to provide fresh water from seawater in ships and arid regions?

    <p>Boiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which force causes water to deflect right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere?

    <p>Earth's Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the factors driving surface currents according to the text?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average annual rainfall in South Africa compared to the global average?

    <p>Significantly lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water considered a critical and scarce resource in South Africa?

    <p>High evaporation rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of South Africa is expected to experience longer dry spells due to climate change?

    <p>North-eastern areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary impact of dams on the environment mentioned in the text?

    <p>Disrupting ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the challenges of implementing the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy in South Africa?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do municipalities contribute to water management in South Africa?

    <p>Buying, purifying, and distributing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the strategies mentioned for sustainable water use in South Africa?

    <p>Reducing pollution practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of agricultural activities on water quality discussed in the text?

    <p>Contributing to eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do dams support water management in South Africa?

    <p>Providing hydroelectric power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes South African rivers in comparison to other major African rivers according to the text?

    <p>Small size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity can increase soil erosion and enhance surface runoff, contributing to floods?

    <p>Deforestation and poor farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key physical cause of floods mentioned in the text?

    <p>Extended periods of intense rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of urbanization that can enhance flood risks?

    <p>Creation of impermeable surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can cause rivers to overflow by obstructing water flow?

    <p>Accumulation of debris at bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is crucial for understanding river discharge changes before, during, and after storm events?

    <p>Hydrographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy includes developing efficient forecasting and alert systems to warn residents about floods?

    <p>Warning systems implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can strong onshore winds combined with high tides lead to, causing significant coastal flooding?

    <p>Cyclones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of regions are particularly susceptible to flooding due to geographical relief according to the text?

    <p>Mountainous regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of urban areas concerning flood management strategies as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Improving drainage systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common human activity that can worsen flood risks according to the text?

    <p>Poor water management</p> Signup and view all the answers

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