Geographic Information Systems Overview

<p>The legends that explain icons and symbols on the map. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The method of transforming the Earth's surface onto a flat plane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a reference system for locating points on Earth's surface. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A best-fit representation of the Earth's shape. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explanatory text (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capture, model, store, retrieve, share, and manipulate geographical data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structured database where related data entries can be linked by unique identifiers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spatial and attribute data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the management of multiple data layers or themes for complex analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desktop software that provides advanced analytical tools for complex tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The creation and design of maps for representing geographical information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve as models to represent geographical locations with associated attributes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decisions based on the fundamentals of mapping and geographical context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To automatically adjust datasets as they are added to a project (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geographic Coordinate System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A coordinate system error is present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To re-project datasets for analysis and geoprocessing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 to 7 classes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It will lead to incorrect spatial references (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proportional symbol map (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plate Carree (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Categories and classifications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Object ID (OID) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A spheroid model of the Earth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When analyzing and geoprocessing data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Converting addresses into geographic points (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shapefiles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Representing density with single symbols (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vector represents discrete data, and raster represents continuous data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spreadsheet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple coordinate pairs forming a closed shape. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide data about objects through fields and records. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Better shape representation and precise locations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Themes of similar geometry data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require more time and resources for editing and topology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To hold multiple layers with the same spatial reference. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spatial relationships between geometries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They depict an overall area with significant human places. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To explain symbols used in the map (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small scale maps show less detail but cover larger areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They run parallel to the equator. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inaccuracies introduced in representing the spherical Earth on a flat surface. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents a reference model for Earth’s shape and size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The compass rose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific types of geographical features or data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large scale maps depict more detailed representations of a few locations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To represent data using colors for different classes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains meaningful differences with a true zero (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turning addresses into point locations on a map (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using colors to symbolize classes of data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Object ID (OID) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not support geographical attributes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dot-density map (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Field names must be 13 characters or fewer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Projected Coordinate System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows ArcMap to align datasets without user intervention. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When conducting detailed geospatial analysis on multiple datasets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coordinate system errors exist in the datasets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of datum, coordinate systems, and projections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Errors can occur as spatial references are not defined correctly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It simplifies the representation by treating easting as latitude. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable the manipulation and analysis of geographic data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable querying and linking of various datasets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spatial and attribute data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The creation and representation of maps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited interactive capabilities for exploring geographic data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing visual data representations that facilitate analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Database Management Systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Projection, scale, accuracy, and resolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Points, lines, and polygons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Field definitions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced precision for discrete features (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A string of X and Y coordinate pairs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can only hold points, lines, or polygons one at a time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To organize similar types of geometries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater difficulty in representing complex continuous phenomena (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous data storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By enabling complex topology and relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The granularity of detail in graphical output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A computer-based system for capturing, modeling, storing, retrieving, sharing, and manipulating geographic data.

Five key concepts in GIS: Cartography, Prediction using spatial data, Location, spatial changes, and processes about these.

Software used to manage multiple databases, enabling querying, updating, reporting, and administration.

A type of database system where tables are linked to enable connection of related information through common fields.

Computer programs that manage and analyze geographic data.

Different sets of geographic information (e.g., roads, buildings) stored and studied together in a GIS.

Geographic data describing location and shape of features on Earth.

Data describing characteristics of geographic features, like name, type, or value.

The art, science, and technology of making and studying maps.

A geographical representation of locations, objects, themes, and relationships on Earth, displayed in a flat format.

Essential elements like Title, Legend, Scale, Inset, and Orientation, which complete a map.

The ratio used to represent the real-world distance on a map. (e.g., 1:250,000).

A method used to represent a 3-dimensional round Earth on a 2-dimensional flat surface.

A system using latitude and longitude to define locations on Earth.

Angular distance north or south of the equator.

Angular distance east or west of the prime meridian.

A coordinate system that transforms latitude and longitude to x, y (or easting, northing) coordinates, often used for mapping.

ArcGIS automatically handles coordinate system transformations between datasets when using a geographic coordinate system.

A reference surface that approximates the Earth's shape for calculations of coordinates.

A simple projection where easting equals longitude and northing equals latitude; often ArcGIS's default for geographic coordinates.

A projection popular for large-scale mapping, using a cylindrical projection.

The process of defining the location of features on Earth using coordinate systems, datums, and projections.

Systems used to define locations on Earth for various maps and data.

Represents the world using points, lines, and polygons, storing discrete data with attributes in tables.

Represents the world as grids or cells, storing continuous data with attributes in cell values or tables.

A way to represent reality in a computer, specifying location, identification, and sometimes relationships of objects.

Stores data about objects in a table format composed of columns (fields) and rows (records).

A single location in a coordinate system.

A series of connected points representing a path between two or more locations.

A closed shape represented by a series of connected points with the same start and end point

A simple vector file format that uses multiple files to store points, lines, or polygons.

A powerful vector file format that stores topological relationships and supports multiple datasets. Stores multiple shapes together.

A layer in a geodatabase that comprises multiple layers, having the same area, spatial referencing, and can implement rules to check and manage data.

A map that emphasizes a particular theme or subject, using symbols and colors to represent different data.

A thematic map that uses colors or shading to represent different values of a numeric variable, geographically.

A thematic map that uses dots representing data points, with the dot density visually showing the quantity of the data at each location.

A thematic map where symbol size represents the magnitude of the data value at a specific location on a map.

Data that describes qualities or characteristics, often expressed as categories or names, not numbers.

Numerical data that represents amounts, quantities, or counts.

The process of converting addresses or geographic names into geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) for use in maps and GIS software.

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system that captures, models, stores, retrieves, shares, and manipulates geographic data.

Formal, computerized systems using hardware and software to collect, store, and process geographic data.

Essential elements like title, legend, scale, inset, and orientation, which help interpret a map.

The ratio between distances on a map and corresponding distances in the real world.

Method used to represent a round Earth on a flat surface, resulting in some distortion.

A system that uses latitude and longitude to define locations on Earth, resembling a 3D sphere.

A reference surface that approximates the Earth's shape, used to calculate coordinates.

Angular distance north or south of the equator.

Angular distance east or west of the prime meridian.

Qualitative data describes qualities or characteristics, while quantitative data is numerical.

A method for flattening a 3D globe onto a 2D map surface, representing the Earth's shape on a flat plane.

Defines locations on Earth using a set of specific coordinates, like latitude and longitude, or projected X and Y values.

A type of map showing a wide range of features and places, emphasizing overall depictions of an area.