Geographic Corridors for BRI Development
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Geographic Corridors for BRI Development

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Questions and Answers

What major change occurred regarding membership during the G20 Summit?

  • The European Union left the G20.
  • The African Union became a permanent member. (correct)
  • India was added to the G20 as a new member.
  • China was removed from the G20.

    • Which initiative is India leading that promotes biofuels globally?

  • Global Clean Energy Alliance
  • Global Biofuels Alliance (correct)
  • International Renewable Energy Program
  • Sustainable Fuels Initiative

    • What is the objective of the India – Middle East – Europe Economic Corridor?

  • To provide an alternative to the Belt and Road Initiative. (correct)
  • To expand trade with South America.
  • To support the African Union's projects.
  • To enhance tourism between these regions.

    • Which of the following cultural highlights was exhibited at the G20 Summit?

    <p>A bronze statue of Lord Nataraja</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent a cultural highlight showcased during the G20 Summit?

    <p>Exhibits of tribal textiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the G20 forum primarily represent in terms of global demographics?

    <p>About 85% of the global GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the G20 membership structure change with the inclusion of the African Union?

    <p>From G20 to G21.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which project emphasizes India’s collaboration with South American countries?

    <p>India-Mercosur Preferential Trade Agreement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the status of exports by developing countries in relation to import duties in developed countries?

    <p>They are exempted from certain duties based on classification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group typically receives more lenient targets under WTO pacts?

    <p>Least Developed Countries (LDCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the core activities of the WTO?

    <p>Resolving trade disputes between member governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the first stage of the WTO dispute settlement process?

    <p>Consultations between the parties involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who presides over appeals in trade-related disputes within the WTO?

    <p>The Appellate Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bodies is recognized by the WTO for food safety standards?

    <p>Codex Alimentarius Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence if a losing party fails to implement a WTO ruling?

    <p>Countermeasures may be imposed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of WTO agreements concerning government support to industries?

    <p>To gradually reduce government support over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Criminal Law Amendment Act enacted by India in 2013?

    <p>To specifically define human trafficking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes transnational organized crime?

    <p>Criminal activities that operate across national borders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic corridor was initially part of the Belt and Road Initiative but later replaced by the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor due to India's withdrawal?

    <p>BCIM Economic Corridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of UNCITRAL?

    <p>To create legal frameworks that promote fairness in international trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following topics was NOT covered during the UNCITRAL South Asia Conference hosted by India?

    <p>Cybercrime prevention strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for India's objection to the Belt and Road Initiative?

    <p>Concerns regarding transparency and sovereignty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiative was launched jointly by India and the United Nations?

    <p>India-UN Capacity Building Initiative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did India boycott the BRI summit for the first time?

    <p>2017</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which area does UNCITRAL NOT specialize?

    <p>Social justice legislation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was the 2023 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit held?

    <p>San Francisco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body does the Competition Commission of India (CCI) collaborate with to address international competition concerns?

    <p>ICN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant potential does the UNCITRAL conference highlight for India?

    <p>Leading in international arbitration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a criminal activity associated with transnational organized crime?

    <p>Legal trade practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic corridor is significant for connecting China, Mongolia, and Russia?

    <p>China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The International Competition Network (ICN) comprises how many competition agencies from around the world?

    <p>140</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is primarily contested regarding the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor?

    <p>Gilgit Baltistan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the SWIFT network?

    <p>Transmitting secure financial messages between institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a unique code assigned to each financial organization within the SWIFT system help to ensure?

    <p>The authenticity of the sender and recipient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long are Blue Helmets typically deployed in the field?

    <p>Up to 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the services provided by SWIFT India?

    <p>It offers high-quality domestic financial messaging services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of staff officers deployed by member states to the U.N.?

    <p>Monitoring troop deployments and operational aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates SWIFT from a typical bank's functions?

    <p>SWIFT does not transfer funds, it transmits messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the headquarters of SWIFT located?

    <p>Brussels, Belgium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option describes the duration for which staff officers are usually deployed at U.N. headquarters?

    <p>Up to 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Geographic Corridors for BRI Development

    • China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) - A key BRI initiative with significant infrastructure projects in Pakistan, focusing on development of Gwadar port and connectivity with China.
    • New Eurasian Land Bridge Economic Corridor - Aims to improve infrastructure and trade connections between China and Europe through Central Asia.
    • China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor - Focuses on trade, infrastructure, and development projects in Southeast Asia, enhancing ties with countries like Vietnam and Laos.
    • China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor - Promotes economic cooperation between China, Mongolia, and Russia, enhancing connectivity and trade links.
    • China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor - Enhances trade, infrastructure, and connectivity between China and countries in Central Asia and West Asia.
    • China-Myanmar Economic Corridor - Involves development projects and infrastructure upgrades in Myanmar, strengthening economic ties with China.

    India's Objection to BRI

    • India opposes the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) due to concerns about sovereignty and transparency.
    • India's primary objection is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which passes through the Gilgit Baltistan region of Kashmir that India claims.
    • India has boycotted BRI summits in 2017 and 2019, and has not endorsed BRI joint statements by the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).

    Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

    • The 2023 APEC summit was held in San Francisco.

    International Competition Network (ICN)

    • The Competition Commission of India (CCI) joined the steering committee of the ICN, a global body promoting competition law enforcement.
    • The ICN consists of over 140 competition authorities, fostering communication and addressing competition concerns.
    • The ICN facilitates collaboration through project-oriented working groups.

    Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA)

    • IORA promotes cooperation among countries bordering the Indian Ocean, focusing on trade, security, and sustainable development.

    G20 Summit Outcomes

    • The G20 now includes the African Union as a permanent member, representing developing countries.
    • The Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) is an India-led initiative promoting biofuels globally.
    • The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEE-EC) aims to provide an alternative to China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by connecting India, the Middle East, and Europe through infrastructure projects.
    • The India-Mercosur Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) aims to strengthen economic ties between India and South American countries.

    India's Cultural Highlights at the G20

    • Bharat Mandapam: An exhibition space showcasing India’s cultural heritage.
    • Bronze statue of Lord Nataraja: A sculpture representing Lord Shiva's cosmic dance, showcasing the Chola artistic style.
    • Konark Chakra and Image of Nalanda University: Exhibits depicting the Konark Chakra, a significant symbol from Odisha’s Sun Temple, and the heritage of Nalanda University.
    • Thanjavur Paintings and Dhokra art: Exhibits showcasing traditional Thanjavur paintings, known for their intricate details and rich colours, and Dhokra art, a tribal metal casting technique.
    • Brass statue of Lord Buddha sitting under Bodhi tree: A sculpture representing Lord Buddha’s enlightenment.

    G20 group

    • The G20 consists of 19 countries, the European Union, and the African Union.
    • G20 members represent over 85% of global GDP, over 75% of global trade, and about two-thirds of the world population.

    Criminal Law Amendment Act (India)

    • India enacted the Criminal Law Amendment Act in 2013 to specifically define human trafficking.

    Transnational Organized Crime

    • Criminal activities that operate across national borders.
    • Involved in illegal activities like drug trafficking, human trafficking, money laundering, and cybercrime.

    United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)

    • India hosted the inaugural UNCITRAL South Asia Conference.
    • It aims to strengthen India's involvement with UNCITRAL and foster communication between UNCITRAL and stakeholders.
    • It covers topics including digital economy, MSMEs, insolvency, international commercial arbitration, and mediation.

    About UNCITRAL

    • It is the primary legal entity within the United Nations system dedicated to international trade law.
    • It modernizes and harmonizes international business rules.
    • Its goal is to promote fairness, transparency, and efficiency in cross-border commercial transactions.

    India-UN Capacity Building Initiative

    • A joint initiative of India and the United Nations.
    • Aims to share Indian development experiences and expertise with Global South countries through capacity-building and training programs.

    WTO Pacts and Developing Countries

    • WTO pacts often aim to reduce government support to certain industries over time.
    • They set more lenient targets for developing countries, allowing them more time to achieve targets compared to developed countries.
    • They provide preferential treatment for developing countries.
    • Least Developed Countries (LDCs) are often exempted from certain WTO provisions.
    • LDCs receive zero duty and zero quota access for most of their exports to developed countries.

    WTO Dispute Settlement

    • The WTO has a dispute settlement mechanism to resolve trade disputes between member governments.
    • It involves consultations, adjudication by panels, and implementation of rulings.
    • The WTO Appellate Body reviews rulings on points of law.

    International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)

    • Part of the World Trade Organizations Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreement.
    • One of the "Three Sisters" organizations along with Codex Alimentarius Commission and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).

    United Nations Peacekeepers (Blue Helmets)

    • United Nations staff members deployed to peacekeeping missions.
    • They serve as individual staff officers, military observers, or part of units from individual countries.
    • Staff officers monitor troop deployments and contribute to peacekeeping efforts.

    Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT)

    • A messaging network used by financial institutions to securely transmit information and instructions through standardized codes.
    • Each financial institution has a unique code for sending and receiving payments.
    • SWIFT does not facilitate funds transfer but sends payment orders, which are settled by correspondent banks.
    • Located in Belgium, it connects over 11,000 financial institutions in over 200 countries.
    • SWIFT India is a joint venture of Indian public and private sector banks and SWIFT, providing domestic financial messaging services.

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    Description

    Explore the key economic corridors under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and their impact on trade and infrastructure development. This quiz covers significant projects such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, the New Eurasian Land Bridge, and others. Test your knowledge on how these corridors enhance connectivity across regions.

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