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Questions and Answers
By the end of this course, you should be able to describe how the Genomics and related technology are useful to assess risks in your ______.
health
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic ______.
acid
One of the characteristics of DNA is that it is ______, meaning it can be passed on to the next generation.
inheritable
DNA is made up of four types of ______ which can save or code genetic information.
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A better understanding of genetic differences can help you make decisions in your ______.
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Genomics extends science fields such as ______ genetics.
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The decrease in sequencing cost extends the field of ______ science.
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Data science related to genomics is often referred to as ______.
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In medicine/public health, genomics helps in improving ______ and disease understanding.
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For a genome project, one must define the ______ of the samples to be generated.
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Study Notes
Genomics and Research Centers
- Verily Life Sciences, Regeneron Genetics Center, and GenomeAsia 100K are key players in genomic research.
- Significant advancements in genomics enable improvements in multiple fields such as bioinformatics, evolutionary genetics, and developmental biology.
Impact of Sequencing Costs
- The reduction in sequencing costs has broadened applications in various fields, including:
- Medicine and public health
- Phenomics
- Microbiology (Metagenomics)
- Environmental science
- Forensics
- Agriculture and food production
Research Goals and Outcomes
- Key considerations for genome data generation include:
- Identification of researchers (government, NGOs, industries)
- Objectives of research
- Types and number of samples collected
- Course objectives emphasize:
- Understanding genomics' role in health risk assessment
- Awareness of advantages and challenges in life science technology
- Exploration of impacts technology has on human society
- Recognition of genetic diversity and its significance
DNA Overview
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is characterized by a double helix structure, crucial for storing genetic information.
- Features of DNA include:
- Inheritable through stable complementary base pairing
- Contains four types of nucleotides that encode genetic information
- Human genome comprises diploid chromosomes (2n=46)
Genes and Central Dogma
- A gene is a nucleotide sequence encoding for molecules like proteins or RNA.
- Functions of genes:
- Produce proteins vital for cell function and organismal life
- Serve as basic units of inheritance, conserved across species
Genetic Variations and Population Structure
- Non-random mating effects:
- Isolation (geographic, religious, endogamy) and migration policies contribute to population differences.
- Variants among populations can be categorized into common (allele frequencies) and population-specific (rare variants).
- Genetic differences play a critical role in shaping ethnic identities.
Human Migration and Ancestry
- Human migration history informs population structure, with evidence derived from mitochondrial DNA analysis.
- Individuals possess varying proportions of ancestry as determined by genomic data.
Genetic Traits and Dominance
- Genotypes consist of homozygous and heterozygous forms affecting phenotypic traits.
- Mendelian inheritance principles govern the transmission of traits, including recessive disorders located on the X chromosome.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
- SNPs like rs4680, rs713598, rs1426654, rs17822931, and rs12913832 serve as specific genetic markers for studying human traits and genetic variations.
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Description
Explore the role of genomics in advancing various scientific fields through organizations like Verily Life Sciences and the Regeneron Genetics Center. This quiz covers key concepts and contributions of the GenomeAsia 100K project. Test your knowledge on how genomics drives innovation and improvement in science.
